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西班牙巴塞罗那货车冲撞人群致13人死亡 “伊斯兰国”宣称负责
恐袭发生5小时后,极端组织“伊斯兰国”通过其“阿马克新闻社”发布声明,宣布对巴塞罗那恐袭事件负责。为什么这次西班牙会成为恐袭目标?中国人民大学“让·莫内讲席教授”、欧盟研究中心主任王义桅认为,有两方面的背景值得注意:第一是西欧一些国家经济还没有完全走出困境,再加上有一些地方失业率还是很高。在西班牙一些城市尤其是青年失业率曾经高达百分之六十、七十。现在稍微好转,但是还是有将近一半的青年失业率。极端组织“伊斯兰国”里招募了一些对现状不满的欧洲青年,可能这种袭击本身就是本国人或者里应外合式的,使得防范起来更加困难。第二是西班牙在历史上民族构成、宗教、种族身份比较多元。巴塞罗那近来有点闹独立的传统。巴塞罗那地区的语言很多地方跟欧盟跟西班牙不太一样,有很大的独立性。
据西班牙媒体报道,在本月初,就曾有伊斯兰国组织成员在互联网上宣称要对西班牙采取“行动”。而美国中情局也早在两个月前就已经提醒西班牙警方,巴塞罗那有可能遭受恐怖袭击。
王义桅认为,欧洲要以“自下而上”和“自上而下”相结合的方式来加强措施应对恐怖袭击,“拉丁语区的文化比较开放、活泼,比较张扬,但不那么严谨。所以这种生活习惯或者文化传统,会影响一个国家国内的治理的理念,包括它应对恐怖袭击的防范措施可能不是那么严密,跟拉丁语区的文化有一定关系。第二,西班牙政府事实上在危机里面走出来也是比较晚,现在还没有完全走出来。所以本身国家的经济状况没有根本的好转,社会治安的问题或者社会治理水平在传统西欧大国里是比较差一点的,或者是有比较多的薄弱环节。所谓的自上而下是欧盟层面要加强这方面的协调:反恐情报收集、共同应对的防卫措施。自下而上,各个地方政府、各个城市之间也要探索出一些符合出自身国情或者当地特色的一些传统措施。它们正在探索,但是看样子老百姓悠闲惯了,甚至有一些地方独立思考很浓厚做起来不那么容易。”
中国驻西班牙大使馆网站显示:截至目前,中国公民三人受伤,其中一名港人、两名台胞。中国驻巴塞罗那总领馆已派员赴医院探望伤者。中国驻西班牙使领馆提醒在西中国公民近期谨慎出行,如遇恐袭等紧急情况,果断采取措施保障安全。比如:遭遇恐怖袭击时,快速判断自身位置和逃生方向,抛弃妨碍行动的物品,第一时间远离事发场所。如周围大规模人群恐慌并极速奔跑,不要盲目跟随,此时极易被挤倒或因踩踏造成伤害。可就近选择商铺、宾馆、报亭等掩体躲避。如遇枪击就地卧倒,或S型加速跑寻找掩体后尽快卧倒。如遇货车冲撞,立即离开人群和马路中央,向马路两边撤离并找障碍物躲避。
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