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《战狼Ⅱ》启示:观众并非资本、IP、偶像和炒作奴隶

2017-08-17 10:30:14   中国经济网

网络上也有一些评论者质疑《战狼Ⅱ》故事情节的真实性,比如一个人怎么可能打败一支军队,铁丝网怎么可能拦截火箭弹等等,但这些批评大都缺乏对电影类型假定性的认知。对于类型电影来说,逻辑的合理性远远比生活的相似性重要,正如没有人用“生活真实”的标准去要求“007”系列电影一样,我们也不能用现实真实的标准和普通情节剧的标准去要求动作类型电影。所以,类型化虽然是电影的老话题,但部分观众对类型片的假定性认知仍然不够,而且大多数国产电影的创作者对类型化规律的认知水平也很低,许多号称类型片的影片,往往都是各种类型元素东拼西凑,结果却不伦不类,真正能够理解类型假定性并且将类型规律执行到位的影片寥寥无几。从电影美学角度看,类型电影一般很难成为电影艺术经典,但却是电影作为大众文化最坚实的基础。地基不牢,地动山摇,没有坚固的基础就难以建起电影艺术的大厦。从这一点来说,《战狼Ⅱ》是中国类型电影的一个台阶,它的艺术成就并不是说有多么杰出,但却是一部完成度高、能够带给观众强烈观赏愉悦的类型电影,而且无论是与国防、军事、外交有关的部门对影片的放行,还是广大观众对影片的普遍认可,都是对电影类型观念的认同和普及,这对未来中国类型创作具有重要的突破价值。

精益求精的制作、时代感、类型定位和创新,这三条看似简单的理由,恰恰是绝大多数国产电影创作普遍的软肋。粗糙的制作、拙劣的模仿、低俗的迎合、各种商业要素的杂交、类型桥段的拼凑、自娱自乐的煽情、脱离国情和观众的形象、缺乏动机和逻辑合理性的故事情节,这些现象在当下国产电影创作中并非个案。因此,《战狼Ⅱ》的成功,给了我们重要的启示:中国观众并非不愿意看国产电影,关键在于国产电影是否能够满足观众的当下心理需求、满足观众的现实情感、创造观众的共享世界;中国电影市场也并非进入了发展的拐点,关键在于国产电影是否具备足够的品质支撑电影市场的持续上扬;电影观众并非只是资本、IP、偶像和炒作的奴隶,他们已经具备一定的识别、选择电影的能力。

也许,《战狼Ⅱ》奇迹般的市场热度很难复制,但是其提供的创作启示可以借鉴;《战狼Ⅱ》远非无可挑剔,但其提供的类型范例对中国电影的发展却是重要的经验积累。如果我们从一个更高的视野来看,《战狼Ⅱ》虽然在制作水平上接近甚至达到了世界水平,但是在文化价值观上仍然缺乏国际传播的共同性、共享性。

如果影片能够注入更多对生命、对个体的人道主义精神内核,影片中的人物形象就会更丰满,影片的情感力量也会更强烈。更重要的是,只有这样,电影才能不仅是中国的而且也是世界的,中国电影才能真正把中国故事讲给世界听。

(作者为清华大学教授)


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