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《战狼Ⅱ》启示:观众并非资本、IP、偶像和炒作的奴隶

2017-08-17 10:29:40   中国青年网

故事与人物的时代感是创作灵魂

如果说一流的制作是《战狼Ⅱ》成功的基础,那么具有时代感和主流价值观的故事讲述和人物塑造,则是影片引起轰动的推动力。任何现象级的作品,都在于它不仅是工艺精良的产品,同时也在于它是能够满足大众关注、提供集体想象、激发共同情感的文化载体。好莱坞塑造的“超级英雄”是西方社会语境下的“救世主”,无论从造型到观念,还是从面对的戏剧困境到解决困境的方式,都是西方化的,其与当下中国社会环境往往都有一定的疏离感,这也是众多大制作好莱坞“超级英雄”电影并未引起中国观众普遍轰动的“文化折扣”。而《战狼Ⅱ》所塑造的“超级英雄”,却成为当下“大国崛起”背景下中国式“超级英雄”的符号,体现了代表正义和国家使命的“站起来”的中国人的自我认知。

影片一开始,冷锋面对非法“强拆”所踢出的正义一脚,为他的“个人英雄”提供了合法性基础。在非洲的临危受命、孤军深入,则使他成为正在走向世界的华人心中的一位护卫神,给观众带来安全感、成就感、自豪感。影片将个人英勇战斗与国家撤侨行动相结合,使得个人英雄的成就感与国家强大的自豪感合二为一,最大限度地满足了中国观众的心理需求。如果没有“个人英雄”的塑造,影片难以满足大众的英雄梦想;如果没有国家强大的铺垫,则难以完成对民族认同的想象。个人英雄与国家强大的双重变奏,共同表达了影片中国式的主旋律价值,个人强则国家强,国家强则个人强。相比西方的个人英雄主义价值观,《战狼Ⅱ》更强调个人英雄与国家利益之间的融合性。这体现了影片对当下现实、当下中国民众精神需求的时代回应。古人说歌诗要为时为世而作,在这点上,《战狼Ⅱ》满足的既是当下时世中许多观众的英雄梦想,也是大国崛起的集体认同。

类型定位和创新是接受保障

类型化一直是电影生产和创作的重要规律。电影类型产生于对观众需求的判断和满足,类型定位其实就是产品定位,是电影与观众预期的对接。类型定位越准确,对观众需求的判断才越清晰,电影创作和制作目标才越一致。《战狼Ⅱ》坚持定位为枪战动作类型片:敌我力量悬殊的设置、硬汉英雄的塑造、英雄+美人的配置、英雄拯救的故事情节、一场接一场的枪战、一个又一个的生死危机,这一切都构成了这一类型的创作共性。在共性基础上,《战狼Ⅱ》的创新在于对意料之外情节的安排,对动作和场面的新颖设计,对细节逼真性的渲染,对悬念的揭秘等等。可以说,《战狼Ⅱ》在动作和场面的设计和表达上完全可以与好莱坞类型片媲美,其类型的完整性、完成度,在国产电影中难得一见。

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