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一代浙商渐渐老去,谁来接班

2017-08-16 05:40:55   中国青年网

“儿子感觉老爸那一代只有工作,没有生活,他更想要的是一个幸福的家庭。”陈士慧说。

陈士慧调研分析说,目前,浙商家族企业接班最大的难题,应该是转型和交班同时进行带来的双重困境。

“转型升级是个考验,即使是父辈也未必能完全胜任。其次,子女接班也有现实问题,因为他们的工作经验或社会资本累积尚浅,与元老团队的磨合也是大问题。”

调研:二代接班意愿一直偏低

像上面老板的例子多吗?二代的接班意愿有多少?

陈士慧的老师,浙江大学管理学院家族企业研究所副所长窦军生颇有发言权。早在2010年,该研究所就联合全国工商联和中山大学做过全国性的抽样调查,并出版了《中国家族企业发展报告2011》。

数据显示,子女明确表示有接班意愿的占到19%,有33%的子女明确表示不愿意接班,剩下的48%表示还不清楚。

2014年,他们再次与全国工商联合作做了调查,数据略有改善,明确表示愿意接班的二代占总样本的40%,有15%的二代明确表示不愿意接班,剩下的45%为接班态度尚不明确。

“可能是和第一代企业家年龄有关,随着第一代企业家逐渐老去,原本不大愿意接班的子女也逐步愿意去承担责任。”窦军生这样分析说。

2016年,研究所又跟全国工商联针对542家浙商企业的调研数据显示,明确表示接班和不接班的浙商二代比重基本相当,各占近三成(分别为27.3%和29.6%),另有43.1%的浙商二代尚未明确自己的接班倾向。

形成鲜明对比的是,超过四分之三的企业还是赞成或希望家族成员能够绝对控股企业(即拥有超过50%的股权),近55%的企业希望家族成员可以控制战略决策权,一半的企业希望关键岗位由家族成员担任。

对子女的安排,有55%的企业家还没有考虑,在另外45%有着清晰考虑的企业中,有44%的企业家希望子女全面接管自己的企业,明确表示不让子女接班或让子女独立去创业的仅占不足12%。

窦军生认为,从这些数据可以看出,“子承父业”目前仍是民营(家族)企业在考虑传承问题时的首选。根据窦军生的调研,现阶段浙江家族企业接班中遇到的主要难题之一是,父辈希望子女接班的比例远远高于二代愿意接班的比例。

分析:为什么不愿接班

“家族企业传承是一个世界性的难题,尤其是从第一代向第二代的传承,通常很困难,统计数据显示,只有三分之一的企业可以成功传递到第二代的手中。”窦军生说。

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