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北斗首发星逾七成是新技术

2017-08-15 09:00:17   中国青年网

这次,上海微小卫星工程中心提出的是根据“货物”来做“车”,也就是为载荷量身定做平台。这一设计颠覆的不仅仅是重量比例问题,更是设计理念的改变。以载荷为中心,结构是个挑战,能否经受力学振动试验更是一道坎。这支团队无惧困难,不仅优化了结构,仅框架面板结构一项,就减重30%,使得载荷更加紧凑,还处理好了平台振动的风险。最后,整颗卫星重1.8吨,其中载荷1.4吨,平台只有450公斤,完全颠覆了过去卫星的载荷与平台比例。暗物质卫星首席科学家常进为此感慨地说,丁肇中先生在国际空间站领衔的阿尔法磁谱仪实验,仪器重达7.5吨,花费了20亿美元,而中国的暗物质卫星用了不到5亿人民币,功能差不多,但分辨率更高,可观察的谱段也更多。

“这几年,中心发射的卫星都是开创性的工作。”北斗全球导航卫星首发星的整星重量只有800多公斤,功能密度的提高大大提升了卫星的可靠性。在这个“瘦身”过程中,整颗星采用的新技术占比超过70%,而航天领域有条不成文的规定,一般卫星上采用新技术的比例不会超过30%。

去年8月,量子卫星搭载的稀薄大气科学实验卫星,在世界上首次实现了在100公里—150公里轨道的飞行,这是迄今运行轨道高度最低的人造卫星。以往,这个高度由于阻力大外热流大,“飞机上不去、卫星下不来”,小卫星中心的设计团队勇敢抛弃了传统卫星的构型,采用“流线型”设计,原本计划卫星绕地球飞3圈就算大功告成,没想到飞了60多圈,获取了珍贵的全球稀薄大气密度分布数据。

领先创新研究,两颗卫星又将立项

2015年底,上海微小卫星工程中心研发了一颗重仅2公斤的立方星,用来采集全球民航、船舶和北极航道信息,当时用的推进器是从瑞典进口的。两名工作不久的年轻人琢磨着,能否用上我们自己的推进器? 下转◆5版 (上接第1版)仅用了一年多时间,他们就交出了“答卷”。

这样的事例不胜枚举。一技傍身的他们如果跳槽到互联网和通信行业去,收入可以提高两三倍,但他们却一直坚守在航天科研岗位上。

自从去年10月接到北斗三号导航卫星的任务,导航团队至今只休息了3天。不觉得苦和累吗?这些年轻人的回答却是,“将来可以自豪地对孩子说,你们用的北斗导航,我也参与了!”

作为我国卫星技术创新研究的先锋队和科学卫星的主力军,在暗物质卫星和量子卫星的基础上,上海微小卫星工程中心将承担中科院空间科学先导专项即将立项的“爱因斯坦探针(EP)”和“先进天基太阳天文台(ASOS)”两颗空间科学卫星的研制任务。同时,还有两个重大国际合作空间科学卫星计划:中法天文卫星(SVOM)和中欧太阳风-磁层相互作用全景成像卫星(SMILE)正在实施。

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