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八达岭长城地下102米 有一座世界最深的高铁站

2017-08-14 10:42:58   中国青年网

——特别的地下高铁站背后有多少挑战!

【掌子面比篮球场大】 从二号斜井一路下行,有一处宽阔的掌子面。这是一段暗挖隧道,跨度32.7米,高度19.5米,整个面积比一个标准篮球场还大。施工跨度大再加上隧道穿越军都山,地形起伏较大,无法采用盾构掘进机,只能采取爆破工法。

(图:多洞穴施工现场)

(图:花岗岩山体)

【地质条件复杂,步步惊心】 同时,长城站需要通过花岗杂岩地层,岩性种类多,成分变化大,风化差异明显,地质条件也非常复杂。

【地下交通调度也是挑战】 施工高峰期13个工作面在逼仄的地下同时作业。仅2号斜井,就设置8条分通道,地下物流、交通等组织也是个挑战。

【爆破难度大】 地上有世界文化遗产、还有老京张铁路,施工中需要严格控制爆破对山体的影响。此外,地下洞室密集,爆破还不能造成相邻洞室围岩松动、支护变形等,难度非常大。

【每天排水相当于10个泳池】 地下施工最怕碰到暗河或地下水,不仅会淹没机器设备,还可能影响人身安全。八达岭隧道施工区域每天正常涌水量近1.9万立方米,相当于一天要抽干10个标准8道游泳池的蓄水量。

——“没有金刚钻不揽瓷器活”,中国技术再升级!

(图:品字施工法)

【创新“品”字工法】 京张项目总工程师罗都颢说,长城站隧道采用大跨度设计,如果用传统的“挪威法”,步骤比较多,施工时间也较长。专家们经过钻研,提出“品字形”施工工法,既可以安全快速施工,也方便大型机械展开。

【电子雷管爆破】使用电子雷管精细化分段,逐孔起爆,能将振速控制在安全范围内,保护文物也确保施工质量。2016年3月开工以来,这里已经爆破了4500多次。

(图:智能交通系统)

【信息技术提高效率】 三年内建成一座地下102米的大型高铁车站,工期紧、任务重。施工单位运用BIM技术、人车定位系统、智通交通指挥系统等,提高了作业和管理效率。

(图:施工现场)

【总体工程已完成40%】 “我们目前已经完成总体工程的40%左右,争取2019年底前实现京张高铁建成通车。” 中铁五局京张项目部党工委书记贾友文说。

新华社记者丁静 梁赛玉 李文 谢晗

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