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“黑老大”揭秘黑色素瘤

2017-08-11 16:36:48   中国青年网

长在手脚和全身的黑色素瘤,通过肉眼观察就能被发现。但如果是长在黏膜中的黑色素瘤,就要更注意了。例如,食道上的黑色素瘤早期症状与食管癌类似,会出现吞咽困难;结直肠上的黑色素瘤则与结直肠癌类似,会出现排便困难、便血等;阴道上长黑色素瘤,会出现不正常的流血、流水。如果通过检查发现有黑色的东西,又不是常见的肿瘤,就应考虑是不是黑色素瘤。

ABCDE方法识破“卧底痣”

很多人会问,怎么分辨身上长的究竟是痣还是黑色素瘤,其实有比较简单的判断方法。如果发现以下任何一种情况的“痣”,就要高度重视,及时赴医院检测就诊:

A.非对称(Asymmetry)色素斑的一半与另一半看起来不对称;

B.边缘不规则(Borders)边缘不整或有切迹、锯齿等,不像正常色素痣那样具有光滑的圆形或椭圆形轮廓;

C.颜色改变(Colours)正常色素痣通常为单色,而黑色素瘤主要表现为污浊的黑色,也可有褐、棕、棕黑、蓝、粉,甚至白色;

D.直径(Diameter)色素斑直径大于5至6毫米;

E.随时间进展(Evolution)有逐渐变大的趋势。

相关阅读:“黑老大”谈靶向药

郭军教授:我做黑色素瘤将近20年了,开始的时候没有人认同。我们当时参加国际大会,全球的黑色素瘤老大们也都垂头丧气。别的肿瘤有各种治疗办法,黑色素瘤就是没招儿。之前治疗黑色素瘤唯一的办法就是手术,不能手术的就只有化疗,但有效率极低只有7%,如果有效也只能控制1.7个月,就是这么惨。我记得电影《非诚勿扰2》刚上映时,有网友评论说电影在胡说八道,哪有这样的病,得了没法治,只能死?那个时候真是那样。但今天我就敢说,李香山你得了这个病找我来,再活十年没有问题。

黑色素瘤治疗之所以出现革命性变化,是因为新药的出现,这个药对BRAF突变患者的治疗有效率竟然能达到50%多,而且一旦有效之后维持的时间超过6个月。当在一个国际大会上有专家报告介绍了这个药后,在场的所有专家都哭了,包括我。为什么?我们盼了那么长时间,我们做了一辈子黑色素瘤,终于有一个武器可以遏制住恶魔的喉咙,这个药就是维莫非尼。在此以后,我们又有了曲美替尼、PD1、CTLA-4、联合治疗等等。

我们真的很高兴,今年维莫非尼在中国上市了,且比原计划提前了两年。明年可能还有好几个黑色素瘤靶向药会上市,我们也在研发自己的产品。“武器”越来越多,相信在不久的未来,中国黑色素瘤患者一定能得到跟国际上完全同步的、最好的治疗。 路遥 制图 关印H252

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