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激进改革惹多方不满 马克龙不再“超受欢迎”

2017-08-09 12:39:06   央广网

现在,民众对于改革的共识有所增强,对马克龙的改革也有更大的期待,但就目前而言,在传统上不是法国工会和政府激烈交锋的时期。现在马克龙刚推出了改革方案,但到9、10月法国传统的罢工季时,工会也会发动连续的罢工,那时法国的民意走向还有政府的应对,才可能看出马克龙这次劳动法改革最后能否顺利推行。

减税包括吸引科技公司和金融公司的决定,目前来说有一些有利的环境:英国脱欧后一些总部设在伦敦或者英国的银行和科技公司会转向欧盟,法国一方面有机会吸引这些公司到来,另一方面也会面临阿姆斯特丹、法兰克福以及都柏林等城市的竞争。我们不能孤立地看待减税,因为减税能否成功只是一个方面,最后和劳动法本身的改革是联系在一起的。这些金融企业和科技企业对于劳动者和劳动合同的灵活性也相当重视。但是无论如何,马克龙展现出了一种轻商、重商、国际化还有愿意为企业创造一个良好环境的意愿。因此我认为,在减税、吸引金融公司和科技公司方面他能够取得一定的成效。”

难民问题上,马克龙提出了一个方案,在利比亚建设一个难民营。欧盟内部怎么看待这一方案?

杨光表示:“首先需要看建设在利比亚的难民背景。一方面,前两年的难民危机包括德国接受安置叙利亚难民,在治安和社会融入方面出现了很多问题,还有法国的加来难民,这些难民被强制拆除后,很多难民露宿巴黎街头,在法国公路上游荡,也引发很大的问题。而利比亚方面,自从2011年8月卡扎菲政府倒台以后,利比亚成为非法难民进入欧洲的中转站,目前利比亚有大约80到100万难民,他们连最低的人道主义生活条件都得不到保障,同时还有很多人冒着生命危险通过偷渡船偷渡到意大利的进入欧盟。马克龙想在利比亚建立难民营,实际上有仿照澳大利亚把难民放置在外岛进行筛选和评估的方法,这样有很多好处。第一,处于人道主义考虑避免了很多难民铤而走险在海上偷渡;第二,社会成本很低,不会有大批难民无序涌入欧盟;第三,防止恐怖分子通过偷渡混入欧盟实施恐怖主义袭击计划。

对于在利比亚建立难民营的做法,欧盟本身的态度是分化的。首先,地中海沿岸国家也就是偷渡难民的直接受害者,意大利、西班牙、希腊等,他们是非常支持的。但是这些国家囊中羞涩,希望欧盟其它国家能分摊一部分经费。其次,其它国家大部分是谨慎的,因为具体在利比亚等地涉及难民之后还涉及到经费分摊,还有接收的难民如何分摊,这个并不能完全达成一致,比如东欧各国就不愿意接收来自中东和北非的难民。第三,人权组织和左翼组织,他们认为进化的难民无法保证生活条件和安全,有推卸人道主义责任的嫌疑。还有很多人担心,如果把难民营设在欧盟之外,对于难民有一个严格的标准,很多难民无法达到条件的难民还是会铤而走险,从海上偷渡到欧盟。所以无法起到应有的效果。 ”

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