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银监会官员:穿透技术黑匣子 用科技手段监管FinTech

2017-08-08 10:31:22   央广网

首先从单家机构层面来看,一是影响传统金融机构盈利能力。金融科技可能分流部分银行业务,对现有银行的盈利模式和盈利能力形成了挑战。二是增加了信息科技风险。金融机构更多运用新技术并外包部分金融业务,伴随而来的是风险管理难度增加。三是可能提高整体风险水平。金融科技企业在增加金融服务可获得性的同时,有可能降低客户门槛,引入更多高风险客户。由于金融科技尚未经过经济周期性检验,缺乏历史数据,可能造成风险低估和错误定价。四是对突发事件管理能力提出更高要求。全天候金融服务可能会增加金融机构受到外部冲击的时间和概率,对实时监测和突发事件管理能力形成挑战。

其次从整个行业层面看,一是增加了机构之间的关联性和金融体系的复杂性。金融科技将加深金融业、科技企业和市场基础设施运营企业的融合,金融行业变得更加复杂。部分科技公司在信息科技风险管理方面的局限性,有可能导致相关风险在三类企业之间传递,增加系统性风险。二是可能强化“羊群效应”和市场共振,增强风险波动和顺周期性。在金融服务效率提升的同时,风险传导速度可能加快,金融市场参与者的行为更易趋同,从而放大金融市场波动。以智能投资顾问为例,金融机构在运用智能化系统为客户提供程序化的资产管理建议时,如果采用相似的风险指标和交易策略,可能在市场中导致更多的“同买同卖、同涨同跌”现象,从而加剧市场的波动和共振。

记者:这对于监管来说带来了哪些挑战?

:从监管层面看,一是提升了监管复杂性。金融科技以信息技术为核心,其业务模式背后是庞大、复杂、相互关联的信息系统,海量的信息流、复杂的信息结构客观上给识别风险造成了难度。二是增加了风险监测和管控难度。去中心化和金融脱媒使得更多未受严格监管、资本水平较低的科技企业进入金融行业,同时许多交易活动可能脱离央行清算体系,增加交易各方之间的风险敞口,也增大了风险监测和管控难度。三是容易产生监管套利和监管空白。某些科技创新可能游离于监管体系之外,变相规避监管,造成监管套利。

记者:针对上述问题和挑战,银监会方面的监管思路是怎样的?

:尽管各种金融科技创新纷繁复杂,但其底层驱动力是一致的、稳定的,即连接金融活动所有参与主体的网络和其上的信息流。银行、证券、保险、信托、企业、个人消费者等各类主体已经连为一体,哪里有新的连接,哪里就有新的信息通道,哪里就有金融创新,信息有虚有实,叠加衍生。研究金融科技,需兼顾其上层的“金融”本质和底层的“科技”本质,采取“双轮驱动”的模式,抓住科技驱动的本质,自底向上,穿透网络、信息、应用去理解、研判、分析上层的各种金融活动,用科技的手段去监管金融科技,拨开现象的迷雾,抓住关键制订针对性的策略。

考虑到金融科技涉及主体的广泛性和多样性,以及网络和信息系统的关联复杂性,对金融科技的监管应首先建立对金融科技研究的长效机制,穿透金融科技的技术“黑匣子”,形成技术与业务双轮驱动的研究体系,在此基础上优化监管政策,建立监管规范,创新监管工具,不断完善监管手段。在现阶段,对金融科技的研究应把握基础性、全局性和层次性:一是基础性,应着眼于机器、网络、系统所搭建的信息架构,了解信息产生、流动和价值产生各个环节。二是全局性,需要打破业态边界,清晰地识别金融信息流动的网络地图和信息特征,以信息流识别资金流、交易流,识别各类金融科技创新业务模式的关联性。三是层次性,技术分层、业务分类,从技术到业务在每个层面汇集跨行业的专业人士共同参与,形成与金融科技生态环境相适应的监管体系。(原题为《用科技手段监管金融科技 银监会有关部门负责人就监管鼓励金融科技发展相关情况接受采访》)

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