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民意分化加大欧盟决策“无力感”(国际视点)

2017-08-08 05:34:55   中国青年网

本次民调中,对欧盟表示信任的受访者占总人数的42%,相比去年增加了6个百分点。有分析认为,欧洲部分民众对欧盟未来仍有信心,并非因为欧盟做出了什么突出贡献,而是欧洲面临的共同危机促使人们必须“抱团取暖”。过去几十年间,欧盟在化解冲突、促进发展方面发挥了重要作用,形成的软实力吸引了不少欧洲国家。然而随着欧盟的不断扩容,成员国间经济发展水平和历史文化传统的不同逐渐凸显,欧盟内部越来越难以达成共识,应对危机的能力一天天下降,导致疑欧主义思潮日益抬头。

此次民调结果显示,60%的受访者不希望欧盟继续扩大。有评论指出,欧盟现在面临的诸多问题和扩容步伐太快有很大关系。欧盟现在需要做的是“消化吸收”而非“贪大求快”。英国“脱欧”公投为欧洲一体化进程敲响了警钟,欧盟需要痛定思痛,下大力气重塑欧盟的凝聚力。

严重对立的民意是欧盟未来最大威胁

对欧盟未来抱持乐观态度的欧洲民众比例虽然有所增加,但依然有38%的受访者对前景感到悲观,其中以英国和希腊的受访者为最,他们认为脱离欧盟是更好的选择。半数以上的受访者表示,民众的声音遭到欧盟决策层的忽视,欧盟的很多决策不反映他们的诉求。

“此次民调虽然表明欧盟获得更多民众的认可,但如果不能有效应对恐怖主义这一严峻挑战,民众对欧盟刚刚恢复的一点信心也将很快被消耗殆尽。”法国尼斯欧洲研究所国际问题学者乔治·佐戈普鲁斯对本报记者说,今年荷兰和法国的大选虽然成功阻止了极右翼政党候选人上台,但这只能说明欧洲的民粹主义浪潮暂居下风,并不能说明这股逆流完全消停。

也有分析认为,根据这份民调结果,欧洲民众对欧盟的信心有所恢复,但也只是与疑欧论者平分秋色。

目前困扰欧盟最大的问题是民意的两极分化,严重对立的民意才是欧盟未来最大的威胁。欧盟的决策机构被这种对立的民意所绑架,难以形成统一而有力的解决方案。这是造成欧盟给人无力感的一个重要原因。在多重危机相互作用下,欧盟前路可谓荆棘丛生,要让欧洲民众对其乐观,确实不是一件容易的事。

(本报布鲁塞尔8月7日电)

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