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无知闯祸!中国游客行纳粹礼为何惊动德国警方?

2017-08-07 18:31:05   国际在线

德国:使用纳粹手势或标记最多要坐3年牢

纳粹礼是对希特勒个人崇拜的具象化标志,它在战后的德国是被法律明文禁止的。为防历史重演,德国议会于1994年5月通过了《反纳粹和反刑事犯罪法》,禁止使用具有纳粹象征意义的标记、标语、徽章和手势,禁止宣传纳粹思想、美化纳粹战犯、悬挂纳粹旗帜、呼唤纳粹口号,违法者最高可判处3年有期徒刑。唯一的例外是,出于教育和历史展示的目的,在电影、戏剧、纪录片等文艺作品或历史展览中嘲讽和批判纳粹时用到纳粹元素不受此法限制。

德国1994年通过立法,禁止使用包括手势、标记、徽章在内的纳粹元素

德国通过立法手段清除纳粹遗毒不可谓不严格。除了上文提到的《反纳粹和反刑事犯罪法》,德国刑法第130条规定,赞同纳粹暴行、否认纳粹罪行的,将以“煽动民众罪”被判处3个月至5年有期徒刑。1992年德国修订的《公开煽动法》规定,公开否认存在针对犹太人大屠杀或对大屠杀表示赞赏者,最高可判处5年有期徒刑。法案还规定,那些可能导致人们联想到纳粹主义、军国主义或第三帝国的符号、标志,都不能在公开场合使用。1997年,德国通过了《信息与通讯服务法》,着重打击恶意言论、谣言的网络传播,特别针对种族主义、纳粹主义。多年来,在“反纳粹”立法的约束下,不少人受到严惩。

德国媒体曾经报道到这样一个案例:两名德国高中生在学校组织的外出活动中,因为行希特勒举手礼而被捕。两名学生当时站在印有希特勒和戈培尔(纳粹德国时期的国民教育与宣传部部长)头像的海报前,抬起右臂做出纳粹礼的手势。老师发现后勒令两人将照片删除,但这件事传到了校长那儿,校长最终把两名学生移交给了警方。

2007年,柏林一名男子也是因为这个手势倒了霉,但惹事的不是他本人,而是他的宠物狗。据当时媒体报道,该男子为了让狗听话,训练狗每次在听到“希特勒”的名字时抬起右爪,出于好玩,他将自己训练狗的照片传到了网上,没想到因此被法院判处5个月的监禁。

欧洲多国严格立法禁止纳粹元素出现

除了德国,包括奥地利、瑞士、瑞典、捷克在内的欧洲多国也有类似的反纳粹立法措施。

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