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反思太子奶事件,须防经济纠纷当犯罪

2017-08-07 17:13:07   央广网

从法律规制市场经济的适用顺序来看,刑法属于规范市场经济中的“后盾法”,在法律适用的序列上应该处于最后一位。只有当公司法、合同法等民商法、经济法、行政法无法达到规制目的时,最后才适用于“刑法”。例如,企业家常常涉及的融资类犯罪,是我国民营企业融资困境的折射,这是“压力型犯罪”。刑法惩戒连标本都难治,最好的办法是弥补民间融资的制度性缺陷。所以,以经济法、民商法等优先评价,更能带来社会合意的结果。

“谦抑性原则”是现代刑法终极价值之一,又被称为必要性原则,它指的是立法机关只有在该规范确属必不可少——没有可以代替刑罚的其他适当方法存在的条件下,才能将某种违反法律秩序的行为设定成犯罪行为。刑法尤其要对市场经济行为保持“谦抑”,因为刑法往往限制企业家人身自由,极有可能不管司法裁决如何,这家企业基本就“断气”了,结果人放出来了,企业倒掉了。

当然,“谦抑性原则”只是一个法律原则,需要制度和法律的具体化才能真正起到保护企业及企业家产权的作用。去年,中共中央国务院关于完善产权保护制度依法保护产权的意见全文发布;最高院紧接着也发布了关于加强产权司法保护的两个意见,都对严格区分经济纠纷与刑事犯罪、坚决防止把经济纠纷当做犯罪处理,进行了具体化设计。

我们必须摒弃“刑法优先”的错误认识,更好地落实中央政策等法律和制度的“谦抑性原则”,这才是反思“太子奶”式悲剧的要义所在。

(作者系财政部中国财政科学研究院应用经济学博士后)

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