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麻辣财经:降成本,1.4万家企业感受如何?

2017-08-07 14:33:35   中国青年网

1995-2015年城镇单位就业人员平均工资情况

2000-2015年环境污染治理投资总额情况

“当前经济整体发展阶段,跟过去是不一样的,是一个新的阶段。我们现在是处于一个高成本的时代,整个发展的成本是往上走的。在这种情况下,降成本可以说是逆势降成本,所以它的作用是有限的。我们现在能够做的,是尽力的降它上升的坡度,让它变得平缓,但是很难逆转趋势。”刘尚希认为。

高成本时代,降成本需要“两条腿”走路

“在‘三去一降一补’这套组合拳里,降成本是很重要的一环,不降就会影响企业持续健康发展。” 国家统计局统计科学研究所所长万东华认为,国家统计局发布的上半年调查数据,进一步印证了在中央一系列政策措施下,当前降成本效果正在进一步显现。

上半年,规模以上工业企业每百元主营业务收入当中的成本是85.69元,同比减少了0.02元;每百元主营业务收入中的费用为7.29元,同比减少了0.35元。上半年,全国规模以上工业企业实现利润同比增长了22%,产成品存货的周转天数同比减少了0.8天,应收账款平均回收期同比减少了1.1天,2017年降成本的效果比2016年,特别是2015年有更加明显。

“接下来,如何进一步推动降成本?我有三句话:降成本多方发力,综合施策;进一步确立好短期意义和长期发展的关系;降成本需要各方的努力,更需要智慧和勇气。” 万东华说。

降成本确实难度很大,不是一蹴而就的,很大程度上是一种利益关系的再调整。比如,你把土地成本降下来,那征地成本怎么降?你降低社保费用,那劳动者以后养老支出从哪儿出?包括电价、油价、融资等,都是这样。你在这方面降了,就会增加了另一方面的支出。所以降成本是利益关系的再调整,不是简单降的问题。

“在这种情况下,企业就需要一种新的创新能力去匹配,才可能应对成本上升,当然也有政府的创新能力。”刘尚希说,降成本要避免几个误区,不能孤立地降成本,不能为降成本而降成本,不能误以为所有成本都要降,有些增加的成本是没有办法降的。通过降成本提高企业的盈利能力,这是最终的目标。

比如,企业的用工成本,通过降工资的方法降低成本是不现实的,也是不应该的。我们发展为了什么?不就是要不断提高人们群众的物质生活水平,就要提高居民收入水平,所以通过降工资来降成本,总体来看是不可行的。

还有,环境成本没办法降。不能说为了解决企业的困难,降低企业的成本,而允许这个企业随意排放,这些成本不能降,而且研发成本不能降。

万东华建议,降低制度性交易成本,继续放权于市场,还权于企业,要解决审批时间长、盖章多、收费多、中介多、材料多的问题。

必须打破地方政府对土地财政的过度依赖,如果说每笔支出都是刚性的话,这个地价很难降下来。

打破垄断,促进市场公平竞争。企业用能成本、融资成本,物流成本等,在很大程度上都涉及到垄断问题,如果这些垄断行业打不破,那这些成本很难真正降下来。

降成本应该进入法治化、市场化的轨道。有一些必须降的,要通过法律法规把它固定下来,要走向一个规范有序的轨道。

面对高成本时代,企业也要积极谋求转型发展。 现在降成本,绝对成本是降不下来的,所以在现在这个大背景下,企业要生存发展,仅仅靠政府来降成本这一条腿,实际上是不现实的。企业要发展要生存就必须创新,寻找适应这个阶段的发展方式。(人民日报中央厨房·麻辣财经工作室 李丽辉)

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