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塞罕坝机械林场:高寒荒漠如何造林护绿?

2017-08-05 11:02:46   央广网

塞罕坝机械林场总场场长、党委书记刘海莹讲,“三锹半缝隙植苗法”是塞罕坝机械林场的独创,与行业通用的“中心靠山植苗法”比,造林功效高出一倍,造林成本却节省四成。

栽植深度也有学问。60岁的林场老工人李峰说:落叶松只能埋到红皮,樟子松和云杉不能埋了第一轮针叶,深了都不容易活。

“苗木选择可有讲究了,”千层板分场苗圃主任王利民说,“要‘矮胖子、大胡子’,也就是株植粗壮、根系发达的,更皮实,易于成活。”此外,还要求顶芽饱满、不失水、无病虫害和机械损伤,否则不易成活。苗木运输时要用保湿透气的包装物打包并浇透水,在运输过程中,不能重压、日晒,既要保湿,又要防捂。栽树需适当剪去受伤的根系、发育不正常的偏根、过长的主根和侧根,将苗木用浓度适宜的生根粉或保水剂浸根。

由于石坡立地条件太差,塞罕坝机械林场全部选用株高大于25厘米、培育2年以上的大规格良种容器苗。坑内施基肥,辅之以覆膜保墒、草帘覆盖防风等措施。

塞罕坝冬春两季风大、寒冷,苗木易发生风干、冻害。闫立文说,在造林后的两年内,需要对刚栽的两三年生樟子松、油松、云杉等苗木进行埋土防寒防风作业——入冬前,取土轻轻将苗木盖严,第二年春季解冻后,避开大风天气用专用耙子撤土,并将苗木扶正。

将这些工作做好了,植树保活就没问题了。

林海防火出何高招

塞罕坝机械林场54年来从未发生森林火灾,得益于一整套成熟的立体化火灾预防、监测和扑救体系。林场开辟的防火隔离带,把无边林海切分成规则的绿色方块,基本达到外围闭合

辛苦造林一百年,火灾毁林一瞬间。塞罕坝机械林场多为人工针叶林,森林集中连片分布,林下、路边蒿草茂密,可燃物载量十分大,且气候干燥,四季风大,属高火险区,然而,建场54年来从未发生森林火灾。

“这得益于一整套成熟的立体化火灾预防、监测和扑救体系。”塞罕坝机械林场防火办公室主任吴松说。

站在塞罕坝亮兵台上,只见无边林海被切分成规则的绿色方块。原来,塞罕坝机械林场在林区专门开辟了防火隔离带,总长达779.6公里。最近几年,林场斥资400余万元,对全场防火隔离带作了改造和完善,外线、高压线下防火隔离带拓宽到50米,内线拓宽到30米,公路两侧各拓宽为5米,基本达到外围闭合。每年秋季,林场工人都会在隔离带实行防火割灌作业,不留一根干草。

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