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政治内斗殃及美俄关系?

2017-08-04 12:45:02   国际在线

虽说美国的官方正式报告中认为俄罗斯情报机构通过种种手段对美国大选进行了干预,或许某种程度上帮助了特朗普这个说过普京不少好话的“政治门外汉”赢得胜利,但是其实直到目前为止,根本没有什么像样的证据表明特朗普真的有“里通外国”行为。

不过,美国政坛的党派斗争向来在乎的不是真凭实据而是“政治正确”。原本通过他国选举程序,或者发动街头政治最后以“选举”的形式去推翻一个被本国所不喜欢的政府,这是美国几十年来玩的炉火纯青的“套路”。如今看见俄罗斯可能“以其人之道还治其人之身”,把颜色革命的游戏玩到了美国来,华盛顿的政治精英们在恼火之余,恐怕内心还有更多的是恐惧的成分,所以目前对俄罗斯持强硬立场恐怕已经成了华盛顿政治圈里的“政治正确”标准之一了。

美国历来都是根据自己的利益需求去制定外交政策,这次对俄制裁的法案这个特点尤其鲜明。首先,出于对有“通俄嫌疑”的总统特朗普不放心,美国两党罕见的通力合作在法案中塞入了这个让特朗普抱怨不已的条款,这就意味着特朗普在未来的对俄关系上灵活性被压缩到了最小程度。其次,对俄制裁的条款显得“精细化”十足,针对俄罗斯目前主要外汇收入依靠能源和军工产品,美国这个制裁专门捡“软肋”下手。

不过这个法案最精妙的一点在于,民主和共和两党一边要“制服”特朗普另一边也对他“拉一把”。因为这个制裁可以延及对俄相关企业投资或者合作的第三方公司,目前高度依靠俄罗斯能源(主要是天然气)的欧盟其实很受伤。未来欧盟一面要成为美国的能源市场,为美国的能源工业再次“复兴”出力,一面要面对自己公司的巨额损失,同时因为能源价格问题,欧盟未来的许多产品是否还在国际市场上能够对美国形成竞争力就存在问题了。

这无疑是对特朗普“重振美国”的设想有很大程度的重合之处,毕竟特朗普当选所依靠的就是那些寄希望于美国工业复苏为自己带来就业和提高生活水平的人群。如果特朗普想稳定自己的政治地位,这些人的支持显然是他最后的依靠。所以从实际操作角度考虑,无论特朗普有多么不喜欢这个法案,他都几乎没有否决的空间,从特朗普个人的政治利益考虑,无论是洗白自己的“通俄”嫌疑也好,还是巩固支持率也好,都必须接受这个法案。

既然美国的传统政治精英在对俄关系上“制服”了特朗普,未来很显然美国对俄政策将不得不依照这个法案确定的调子进行。

总得来说,美国国会这个法案的通过一方面很可能将美俄关系打入谷底,逼着俄罗斯不得不采取对抗性姿态,最后致使美国不得不拿出更多的资源去面对;另一方面也意味着美国国内的政治内斗上升到了一个新的高度,从美国宪法颁布以来,总统的行政决策权首次受到国会的立法权直接干预,这为日后美国行政当局在对外政策上是否还能保持以前的顺畅灵活留下了一个疑问。(文/千里岩)

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