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国际观察:英国“脱欧”谈判开始“动真格”

2017-07-17 23:46:21   新华社

苏格兰欧盟事务咨询中心辩护律师彼得·塞拉认为,通过设定截止日期和宽限期,英国政府实际上准备将境内的欧盟公民与英国公民“区别对待”,这与欧盟“维持现状不变”的要求相去甚远。

在“分手费”问题上,欧盟强调英国必须遵守其作为欧盟成员国时所承诺的金融义务。英国外交大臣约翰逊近日则强硬回应称,欧盟向英国索要过高的“脱欧”费用是在“敲诈”,英国无法接受。

与此同时,双方在其他领域的更多矛盾也在浮出水面。在欧盟机构搬迁问题上,欧盟此前宣布,批准欧洲银行业管理局和欧洲药品管理局从英国伦敦外迁的程序。而英方倾向于将这两大机构总部留在伦敦,并有意在“脱欧”谈判中讨论该议题。

此外,英国希望欧盟迅速出台“一揽子保障条件”,以确保欧盟境内100万英国公民的相关权利,但欧盟认为此事相当复杂,应从长计议。

时间紧任务重

矛盾很多,但时间已经不多,留给谈判双方可能仅剩一年多时间。根据欧盟法律,欧盟和英国需要在2019年3月29日前完成“脱欧”谈判。而巴尼耶希望,能在2018年10月前完成“脱欧”协议的最终版本,以便欧洲议会和欧洲理事会在最后期限前批准该协议。

近来,法德两国进一步走近,欧盟内部加强了在“脱欧”问题上的立场协调。可以预见,欧盟在今后谈判中腰板会挺得更直,其能在多大程度上展示妥协意愿将成为影响谈判进程的关键因素之一。

反观英国,国内各派就“脱欧”路径争执不休,政府内部立场不统一。因此,与欧盟相比,英方在本轮谈判中将面临更多掣肘。

英国国内各派围绕“硬脱欧”和“软脱欧”的争论一直未休。英国财政大臣哈蒙德16日表示,为更好地保护本国经济,英国政府认可“脱欧”需要过渡安排。

但英国媒体对哈蒙德的言论能在多大程度上代表英国政府的立场抱有疑虑。哈蒙德在去年“脱欧”公投中投下反对票,一直被视为特雷莎·梅内阁中的“软脱欧”拥趸。

分析人士认为,哈蒙德的言论进一步暴露出英国政府内部在“脱欧”路径上的分歧,这些分歧可能导致“脱欧”谈判“脱轨”。

英国前内阁秘书格斯·奥唐奈评论说,英国内阁成员之间似乎尚未就“脱欧”事宜达成一致,更别提英国与欧盟之间了。他认为,在2019年3月的最后期限到来前,双方通过谈判达成一致的希望渺茫。

原标题:国际观察:英国“脱欧”谈判开始“动真格”

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