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工业经济保持稳定增长 新动能引领结构调整

2017-07-06 15:58:44   国际在线

二、工业转型升级持续推进,产业结构不断优化

十八大以来,我国工业在国家创新驱动战略和《中国制造2025》等规划引领下,加快科技创新和技术改造,大力发展先进制造业和高技术产业,积极推动传统产业转型升级,主动适应消费结构升级需求,不断优化产业结构。

(一)装备制造业和高技术制造业在工业中的比重不断提高,工业结构优化升级成效显著。2013年至2016年,装备制造业和高技术制造业增加值年均分别增长9.4%和11.3%,增速比规模以上工业高1.9和3.8个百分点。黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业、有色金属冶炼及压延加工业、化学原料及化学制品制造业、非金属矿物制品业、电力热力的生产和供应业、石油加工炼焦及核燃料加工业等六大高耗能行业和采矿业增长放缓。2013年至2016年,六大高耗能行业和采矿业增加值年均分别增长7.3%和3.1%,增速比规模以上工业低0.2和4.4个百分点。

装备制造业和高技术制造业在工业中的比重逐年提升。2016年,装备制造业和高技术制造业增加值占规模以上工业比重分别为32.9%和12.4%,比2012年提高4.7和3个百分点。六大高耗能行业和采矿业比重逐年下降。2016年,六大高耗能行业和采矿业增加值占规模以上工业比重分别为28.1%和7.2%,比2012年下降1.5和6.7个百分点。

(二)装备制造业和高技术制造业对工业增长的拉动作用不断增强,驱动工业增长的主要行业力量发生积极变化。2016年,装备制造业对工业增长的贡献率达到50%,比2012年提高22.7个百分点;高技术制造业的贡献率达到21.6%,提高10.5个百分点。电子和汽车产业已成为拉动我国工业经济发展的主要力量,2016年两个行业对工业增长的贡献率高达27.9%,比2012年提高16.6个百分点。与此同时,传统资源密集型行业对工业增长的拉动作用不断减弱。2016年,六大高耗能行业对工业增长的贡献率为24.7%,比2012年下降4.2个百分点;采矿业对工业增长的贡献率则由2012年的13.4%转变为2016年的-1.3%。

(三)传统产业转型升级不断推进,产品结构进一步优化。从行业增速看,传统产业中符合转型升级方向的细分行业增长较快,如合成材料制造、专用化学产品制造、稀有稀土金属冶炼等细分行业,以及与居民生活和消费密切相关的医药类和消费品类行业大部分实现两位数的增长。从产能调整看,随着供给侧结构性改革不断深化,钢铁、煤炭、石化、建材等传统行业的过剩产能减量调整不断推进,市场供需关系得到改善,企业生产经营环境改观,盈利能力增强。从国际分工看,传统产业依靠创新驱动,在国际产业链中的分工地位逐步提高,关键装备、核心零部件严重依赖进口的状况逐步改善,高精尖特种钢材赋予了钢铁行业转型升级的新动力。

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