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对俄制裁再延续 欧俄关系难改善

2017-06-30 23:32:37   新华网

俄罗斯一直强调,经济制裁是一把双刃剑。俄副外长梅什科夫说,欧盟延续对俄罗斯的制裁并不能实现其对俄政策目标。由于俄罗斯限制进口欧盟农产品,欧盟国家经济因对俄实施制裁遭受的伤害更大。

俄罗斯是欧盟第三大贸易伙伴,欧盟是俄罗斯第一大贸易伙伴。制裁给俄欧双方均带来严重损失。俄海关部门统计,与2014年相比,2015年俄欧贸易额下降40%,2016年再降15%。这给欧洲经济造成负面影响,导致经济增速下降,部分工作岗位丧失。

分析人士认为,虽然俄罗斯强调要采取对等原则,但不大可能对欧盟延长制裁作出过于激烈反应。当前,俄经济正缓慢步入增长期,俄方希望为经济发展争取更加有利的外部环境,愿意推动俄欧关系正常化并深化经贸合作。

或延续低迷

当前,俄欧矛盾的关键问题是明斯克协议。在欧盟看来,俄罗斯是明斯克协议的签署方,保证协议得到完全执行是取消对俄制裁的唯一途径。俄方则认为,把制裁与明斯克协议挂钩是荒谬的,俄不是乌国内冲突的参与方,未履行明斯克协议的是乌克兰政府,乌方没有把实施宪法改革、给予民间武装控制区特殊地位和举行地方选举等协议条款提上日程。

可以预见,在明斯克协议问题上,俄欧双方的互不信任、相互指责局面短期内难获改变。而从根本上来说,俄欧关系难以改善的原因在于,双方发展的战略目标迥异。

俄罗斯社会组织“联合青年阵线”领导人什利亚明说,延续制裁意味着欧盟完全忘记了欧洲自身的经济利益,继续屈从于美国,不希望看到一个强大的俄罗斯。欧美无法接受俄罗斯世界地位的上升,延续对俄制裁就是为了让俄经济陷入困境。俄罗斯石油公司总裁谢钦表示,西方对俄实施制裁,意在恶化俄社会经济形势,进而影响将在2018年举行的俄罗斯总统选举。

分析人士认为,从自身经济利益出发,欧盟没有扩大对俄制裁。但从政治和战略利益考虑,欧盟也不大可能很快取消对俄制裁,否则就意味着接受克里米亚并入俄罗斯的事实。虽然欧洲是俄外交的传统优先方向,欧盟也需要在能源、反恐和难民危机等问题上加强与俄罗斯协作,但在可预见的未来,俄欧双方“斗则两伤”的局面仍将延续。记者 魏良磊

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