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调查显示:父亲参与家庭教育的程度不够,工作是关键因素

2017-06-19 15:50:11   国际在线

郁琴芳主任表示,此项调查带来的几个结论是:

1.“父亲参与”的“结构性缺失”,说明父亲基本还是扮演“供养者”角色,承袭“男主外、女主内”的传统认知,将教育孩子归为母亲的职责范围。要改善这种结构性缺失,需要对父亲的角色有全面的认识。许多研究证据显示,父亲和母亲一样可以很好地抚育和照顾孩子,孩子的成长需要父亲积极投入,以及在全社会营造良好的氛围。

2. 调查显示,父亲的“陪伴互动”排在“教育规划”和“教育约束”之后,说明父亲更愿意给孩子做人生的领航者,制定各种规则,当孩子犯错时实施管教和惩戒。而涉及到情感交流,父亲的参与度明显下降,有22.0%的父亲很少“拥抱、亲吻孩子”,有超过三成的父亲不会对孩子说“我爱你”。尽管随着时代发展,奶爸、猫爸较之以往有增多趋势,但大多数父亲还是习惯与子女保持一定距离。

3. 父亲缺席,工作是关键性阻碍因素。调查显示,虽然文化程度高的“父亲参与”远远优于文化程度低的父亲。但是,在“陪伴互动”和“间接支持”这两个维度,收入低的父亲的表现却优于收入高的父亲,这有力地证明了父亲对工作的过多投入,是造成自身与孩子疏远的重要原因。国外研究表明,工作压力越大的父亲因花在工作上的时间较多,与孩子在一起的时间就越少。

4. 父亲对孩子学校教育关注不够。本次调查中,上海小学生“父亲参与”在“家校联系”方面是七个维度中得分最低的,很少“参加学校家长会”的父亲占到总数的40.3%;“了解学校各项活动及进展情况”的父亲只占35.5%;“与孩子的老师交流/通话,了解孩子在校表现”的父亲为27.0%;而“作为家委会成员或家长代表,经常为学校出力、出谋”的父亲仅有6.7%。

2016新父母年度人物提名奖获得者王卫清与女儿

根据多年家庭教育的研究,郁琴芳主任认为,“父亲缺位”是普遍的社会和教育现象,要改善问题,需要从几方面入手:

1.自我意识:要深刻意识到“父亲参与”的价值,父亲作为儿童成长的“关键人”,不仅在于知识传授层面,还包括儿童情感和个性的塑造。而父亲参与教育的同时,也滋养了自己的生命成长,大多数研究都表明,“父亲参与”在一定程度上对男性的职业成功、个性发展、社会关怀具有积极的影响。

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