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臭氧在局地成首要空气污染物,环保部门如何应对?

2017-06-15 23:01:50   新华网

其三是探索经济杠杆手段,征收VOCs排污费。

2016年5月1日起,天津对石油化工和包装印刷两个试点行业开征挥发性有机物排污费,征收标准为每公斤10元。为建立约束激励机制、鼓励深度治理,天津实行差别化收费政策:对排放浓度值低于国家或地方规定的污染物排放限值50%,减半征收排污费。排放浓度值高于规定限值或高于规定排放总量指标的,加一倍征收排污费;对排放浓度值高于规定的排放限值,排放量又高于规定的排放总量指标的,加二倍征收排污费;对属于淘汰类生产工艺装备或产品的,加一倍征收排污费。

专家建议加强监督考核,实行跨区域综合治理

赵英民等相关人士认为,近几年臭氧污染显现,说明当前对氮氧化物和VOCs的排放控制不够。

清华大学环境学院大气污染控制所教授李俊华说,VOCs种类成千上万,污染源点多面广、无组织逸散排放,排放源也都非常复杂,覆盖石化、化工、汽车制造、印刷、家具等生产或使用油漆、涂料和溶剂的工业企业,单纯依靠末端排放监管的方式难以全面控制。

广东省环保厅相关人士表示,VOCs排放标准、监测体系和监测网络尚不完备。我国环境保护税法将于2018年1月1日起施行,届时排污费改为税。不过,到目前为止,大气污染物的收税目录存在缺漏,只包含VOCs中的几种。排污收费与税征收衔接不畅,将对VOCs的治理带来明显影响。

天津市环境监测中心主任邓小文等专家认为,臭氧超标区域性特征明显,单个城市治理臭氧效果不会太明显,而跨区域的治理难度相对更高。呼吁加强区域联防联控联治,实行区域大面积综合治理。

有关专家建议,要对国家生态环境保护的约束指标完成情况加强监督考核,推动各地对臭氧和PM2.5的协同控制。

国家环境保护城市环境颗粒物污染防治重点实验室主任冯银厂说,臭氧污染防治的关键在于控制氮氧化物和VOCs的排放,建议对工业源、移动源、生活源等多类污染源综合施策,在改善PM2.5的同时遏制臭氧污染。(记者吴涛、刘红霞、张华迎、周颖、高敬)

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