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“天网”行动已追回外逃人员2873人 追回赃款89.9亿

2017-06-13 10:06:45   检察日报

追赃“利剑”

“违法所得没收程序”打破“避罪天堂梦”

如果说贪污贿赂犯罪标准的修改,给追逃工作带来重大利好,那么“违法所得没收程序”制度的建立,给追赃工作带来了新的天地。有媒体评论称,没收违法所得,是釜底抽薪,让犯罪分子的“避罪天堂梦”失去了物质基础。

长期以来,贪官外逃一直是反腐败工作中的一大难题。一般情况下,如果犯罪嫌疑人、被告人逃匿,按照法律规定,诉讼程序就无法继续进行下去。如果犯罪嫌疑人、被告人死亡,依照修改前刑事诉讼法的规定,就应当撤销案件,或者不起诉,或者终止审理。也就是说,当贪官逃匿或者死亡,诉讼程序就无法推动甚至是启动,外逃人员的违法财产也就无法得到追缴。

2012年3月14日,第十一届全国人大五次会议审议通过了《关于修改〈中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法〉的决定》。在这次修订中,增加了犯罪嫌疑人、被告人逃匿、死亡案件违法所得的没收程序,开辟了我国刑事诉讼中“违法所得没收程序”的先河。

随后,2012年10月16日,最高检第十一届检察委员会第80次会议通过《人民检察院刑事诉讼规则(试行)》,同年11月5日,最高法审判委员会通过了《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法〉的解释》,2013年1月1日起施行。上述司法解释对刑事诉讼法关于犯罪嫌疑人、被告人逃匿、死亡案件适用违法所得没收程序进行了详尽诠释,为“违法所得没收程序”运行提供了具体依据。

2017年1月,“两高”联合发布《关于适用犯罪嫌疑人、被告人逃匿、死亡案件违法所得没收程序若干问题的规定》,就违法所得没收程序适用的罪名范围、概念认定、证明标准以及具体操作规范进行了明确,增强了违法所得没收程序的操作性。

专家指出,上述规定,充分发挥了违法所得没收程序的积极作用,切实提高了反腐败国际追逃追赃工作成效,促进了国内规则与国际规则形成良性互动和有效衔接,推动了违法所得没收程序的规范、统一使用。

G20反腐败追逃追赃研究中心主任黄风指出,我国的“违法所得没收程序”实际上是遵循《联合国反腐败公约》第54条而创建的“不经过刑事定罪而没收”制度,有助于实现在腐败犯罪嫌疑人死亡、潜逃或者缺席情况下的犯罪资产追缴。

“违法所得的没收程序”,将刑事司法国际准则引入中国刑事诉讼,呼应了国际社会加大对腐败犯罪打击力度的趋势,也为中国的反腐败工作提供了更为有力的法律保障。李华波案是我国第一起运用“违法所得没收程序”追缴潜逃境外腐败分子涉案赃款并最终取得成功的案例。

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