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婚姻中,你不可不知的七大法律知识

2017-06-05 13:06:04   

今天我想跟大家讨论的是生育权。这是近几年受关注比较高的话题,特别是二胎政策出台以后,有关生育权的问题更加突出。生育到底是权利还是义务?如果是权利,它又是谁的权利?

公民的生育权是一项基本的人权,公民的生育权是与生俱来,公民有生育的自由,也有不生育的自由(这里不讨论国家政策,只从婚姻角度来分析)。

夫妻双方在生育问题上难以达成一致时,所谓的“男女平等”只能是空中楼阁,我们认为,此时应首先尊重女方的意志。原因主要有以下几点:

① 男人的性权利和生育意愿要通过女性主体才能实现。男方坚持要孩子,而女方不愿意,此时如果支持男方主张,就意味着男方享有对女方身体和意志的强制权,这将以女性尚失人身自由和身心被摧残为代价。

② 生育不是婚姻的必然结果,女性也并非生育工具。公民既然有生育的权利,同样应享有“不生育的自由”。结婚本身并不意味着双方必须有孩子,如果夫妻间未曾就“生育孩子”达成合意,那么,妻子无论是自主避孕还是堕胎,都不构成对丈夫的侵权。

③ 我国的《妇女权益保障法》赋予已婚妇女不生育的自由,是为了强调妇女在生育问题上享有的独立权利,不受丈夫意志左右。如果妻子不愿意生育,丈夫不得以其享有生育权为由强迫妻子生育。

因此,将生育的决定权最终赋予女方更符合人权的本质。

(在这里,幸知插一句话,有朋友在分答上提问幸知,男人要我生二胎,如果是女孩,就流掉,如果是男孩才要,但是我不愿意这样,请问我如何跟丈夫谈判?

我想回一句话,如果他不尊重你的身体,那么你要尊重你的身体,你不是生育机器,你享有不愿意生育以及愿意生育的权力。)

03

无效和可撤销婚姻之重婚的认定

无效婚姻指的是不满足婚姻法关于结婚的要件的情形。

根据《婚姻法》第十条的规定,有下列情形之一的婚姻无效:(一)重婚的;(二)有禁止结婚的亲属关系的;(三)婚前患有医学上认为不应当结婚的疾病,婚后尚未治愈的;(四)未到法定婚龄的。

鉴于目前夫妻一方甚至双方出轨的情形很多,有很多咨询者会问到重婚的问题。

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