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特朗普宣布退出 《巴黎协定》并未终止

2017-06-02 14:25:15   新华网

上任伊始,特朗普政府就在气候变化政策上“开倒车”。首先,他致力于推迟并推翻前任政府限制温室气体排放的环保政策,承诺复苏长期低迷的美国煤炭业;其次,他还要求评估修改奥巴马政府制定的旨在减少发电厂碳排放的《清洁电力计划》;再者,特朗普政府提出的2018财年联邦政府预算也提议停止向一些联合国应对气候变化项目拨款,并大幅削减美国环保局的预算。

 第一评论:美国“下车”世界仍将前行

作为全球主要的排放国之一,美国此举意味着其拒绝就能源创新、可持续发展等全球治理问题承担责任。这种违背气候变化认识和应对常识的做法,非但不能阻止全球低碳发展道路,只会让美国在未来与一个新时代失之交臂。

美国智库伍德罗·威尔逊中心专家罗杰-马克·德苏扎说,美国在很多方面将进一步“自我孤立”,特朗普的决定将影响到美国的安全、就业、商业和外交。七国集团其他成员都希望特朗普支持《巴黎协定》,退出将有可能导致美国与长期合作伙伴的关系转冷。

美国前总统奥巴马批评说,美国加入了少数拒绝未来的国家行列。联合国秘书长古特雷斯、欧盟气候行动与能源委员米格尔·阿里亚斯·卡涅特……环顾全球,众多政要纷纷站出来表达反对。

虽然美国中途“下车”,却无法阻挡全球应对气候变化的决心。减排已成为世界发展的潮流,应对气候变化与每个人息息相关。

中国外交部发言人华春莹1日表示,中方愿与有关各方共同努力,共同维护应对全球气候变化的《巴黎协定》成果,推动协定实施细则的后续谈判和有效落实,推动全球绿色、低碳、可持续发展。

背景链接:《巴黎协定》为何重要

《巴黎协定》于2015年12月在巴黎气候变化大会上达成,是《联合国气候变化框架公约》下继《京都议定书》后第二份有法律约束力的气候协议,三者共同形成了2020年后的全球气候治理格局。

《巴黎协定》指出,各方将加强对气候变化威胁的全球应对,把全球平均气温较工业化前水平升高控制在2摄氏度之内,并为把升温控制在1.5摄氏度之内而努力。全球将尽快实现温室气体排放达峰,本世纪下半叶实现温室气体净零排放。

根据协定,各方将以“自主贡献”的方式参与全球应对气候变化行动。发达国家将继续带头减排,并加强对发展中国家的资金、技术和能力建设支持,帮助后者减缓和适应气候变化。

协定生效后,就条约文本中所规定的内容,对所有当事缔约国将产生法律约束力,除非当事国决定退出。

事实上,美国退出应对气候变化有关协议已有先例。2001年3月,布什政府就以“减少温室气体排放将会影响美国经济发展”为由,宣布退出1998年克林顿政府签署的《京都议定书》,直接导致多个发达国家效仿退出或减排力度打折扣。

(原标题:特朗普宣布退出 《巴黎协定》并未终止)

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