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令人信服的新疆人权事业发展

2017-06-01 21:11:07   光明网

第四,社会权利得到切实提高。通过60多年的不懈努力,新疆各民族人民的公民社会保障权、健康权和受教育权等社会权利的保障达到了前所未有的水平。一是社会保障水平稳步提高。到2016年,已连续12年增加企业退休人员基本养老金和提高工伤保险待遇,连续5年提高失业保险待遇。二是社会救助制度发挥积极作用。2009年至2016年,城镇和农村居民平均最低生活保障标准,分别从每人每月172元和69元提高到384元和249.5元;农村五保户供养标准,从集中供养3036元/年、分散供养2280元/年,分别提高到6936元/年和4586元/年。三是健康权保障条件显著改善,各民族人民健康水平持续提升,人口死亡率由1949年的20.82‰下降到2016年的4.26‰,人均预期寿命从30岁延长至72.35岁。自2016年始,城乡居民每年可享受一次免费健康体检。

第五,文化权利得到保障和提升。一是受教育权得到全面保障。从1949年到2016年,新疆地区的小学由1335所增加到3526所,中学由9所增加到1416所,中等职业学校由11所增加到167所(未含技工学校),普通高校由1所增加到41所。高校在校生由0.04万人增加到42.01万人,中等职业学校在校生由0.20万人增加到23.51万人。累计培养普通高校毕业生102.21万人。基本实现九年义务教育全覆盖,南疆3年学前教育、12年基础教育全覆盖。二是基本公共文化服务均等化水平不断提高。截至2016年年底,新疆地区共有公共图书馆107个、博物馆90个、美术馆53个、文化馆119个、乡镇(街道)文化站1170个,并全部向社会免费开放。三是民族语言文字广泛使用。现有13家出版社使用维吾尔、汉、哈萨克、柯尔克孜、蒙古、锡伯六种语言文字出版图书、音像制品和电子出版物。公开发行报纸110种,其中少数民族文字报纸52种。发行期刊200种,其中少数民族文字期刊120种。用维吾尔、汉、哈萨克、蒙古4种文字出版的新疆日报是中国使用文种最多的省级党委机关报。

第六,环境权利得到改善与推进。一是生态建设扎实推进。截至2016年年底,绿洲森林覆盖率达到23.5%,草原综合植被盖度达到41.3%,林网有效保护了95%的农田,年均治理“三化”草地2000万亩,沙化土地年扩展速度下降到82.8平方公里,79条重要河流水质优良比例达到94%,湿地总面积超过394万公顷,有世界自然遗产1处、国家级湿地公园28个、国家和自治区级自然保护区29个。二是城市人居环境持续改善。截至2015年年底,城市建成区绿地率达到34.9%,绿化覆盖率达到37.47%,人均公园绿地面积达到11.5平方米,有国家和自治区级园林城市20个,国家和自治区级园林县城44个,国家级城市湿地公园1个。

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