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农业科技“国家队”的使命担当

2017-05-28 10:51:22   光明网

2004年,禽流感在全球肆虐。面对紧急情势,以陈化兰研究员为代表的中国农科院哈尔滨兽医研究所专家利用从1994年开始创制的系列H5禽流感疫苗,研制出世界上第一个禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗并投入生产,成功控制了病毒的肆虐,阻断了其向人类传播和蔓延。“如今我们的实验室团队,正同时进行着流行病学、病毒基础生物学研究和疫苗研发3项工作,研究实力国际领先。”陈化兰谈到这些,眼中充满自信。

同样领跑的还有农作物基因组学研究。成立于2014年的中国农科院农业基因组研究所,是中国农科院最年轻的研究所,却是国际同行眼中名副其实的引领者。据统计,目前全球三分之二的农作物基因解析由中国人完成,而其中一半又是由中国农科院完成。从黄瓜、马铃薯,到甘蓝、油菜,中国农科院领衔的科研团队一次次地在世界上率先完成农作物的全基因组测序,揭示出其中的遗传奥秘。

当前,中国农业科学院拥有34个专业研究所,建成了6个国家重大实验室、20个部级重点实验室、13个国家农作物改良中心和分中心,同时拥有世界最大的畜禽品种动物体细胞库,成为当之无愧的国家农业科技创新平台。

战略研究开放合作,为国家谋发展

与祖国同行,为国家解忧,中国农科院一直将国家的需要装在心间。1984年,中国人“吃饱饭”的问题基本解决,但“中国到底需要多少粮食”仍是一个悬而未决的课题。时任中国农科院院长的卢良恕院士组织了专门的粮食战略课题组,经过测算,他们向中央提出“粮食人均400千克不可少”的政策建议。这个数据如今依然成为中央农业决策的重要参考。

60年来,中国农科院先后主持完成了“中国农业现代化的理论道路与模式”“中国农业科技体制改革研究”等,提出“现代集约持续农业是中国农业发展的必由之路”“种植业应该从粮-经二元结构转变为粮-经-饲三元结构”“把粮食安全观念转变为食物安全观念”等一系列重要战略思路和政策建议,它们都成为我国建设现代农业的纲领性指导。

2007年,中央1号文件正式把农业“走出去”作为国家战略提出,最先走出国门的正是中国农科院的多项成果和技术。中国农科院水稻所利用分子育种技术,为亚非目标国家培育出第二代绿色超级常规稻和杂交稻,相比当地品种普遍增产20%~30%,推广总面积达到210万公顷。

截至2016年底,中国农科院已先后与83个国家的农业科研机构和高等院校、38个国际组织、7个跨国公司以及基金会等建立了广泛的联系与合作。联合国粮农组织助理总干事王韧表示:“中国农科院为解决中国乃至世界的粮食安全、消除贫困、可持续发展作出了坚持不懈地努力。”

唐华俊告诉记者,当前,中国农科院已经制定了中长期发展规划和目标,明确到“十三五”末期,将建成6个以上世界级农业科学中心和30个左右国家级农业科学技术中心,打造170个左右科技创新卓越团队。他说:“60年是一个新起点,我们将攻克一批产业发展急需的重大技术难题,力争早日实现世界一流农业科研院所的目标,为推进农业供给侧结构性改革和现代农业发展作出新的更大贡献!”

《光明日报》( 2017年05月28日06版)

(原标题:.农业科技“国家队”的使命担当:“端稳”中国人的饭碗)

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