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日本明仁天皇退位日期日益逼近 皇位继承变难题

2017-05-23 22:21:33   新华网

这一法案如得到实施,将可满足明仁天皇的要求。去年8月,明仁天皇发表视频讲话,称由于身体原因自己将很难继续履行公务职责,这被视为他流露出“生前退位”的意向。

但法案实施后也会出现新的问题。皇太子德仁即位后将成为新的“国家象征”,德仁夫妇理论上将全面接手天皇和皇后的所有公务职责,如出席重要仪式、国事访问接待、各项公益活动等。但太子妃雅子身体一向不佳,常年处于休养状态,能否担起这样的职责还是未知数。

更为严重的是,日本皇室还面临成员减少、继承人不足的问题。现有《皇室典范》规定只有男性成员能继承皇位,德仁即位后皇室中仅剩文仁亲王及其子悠仁两人有继承资格。

女性能否继皇位

为解决未来皇位继承的稳定性问题,设立“女性宫家”一直是各界讨论的一个方案。特别是文仁亲王长女真子近日传出订婚消息,使得这一话题再次被热议。

所谓“宫家”,是指被赐予宫号的皇室家族,如秋筱宫就是文仁亲王的宫号,秋筱宫家现有成员5人。如为女性皇室成员新设“宫家”,其在婚后将能保留皇籍。

民进党主张在天皇退位特例法案的附带决议中写入设立“女性宫家”的内容,但这遭到保守派的反对。这一问题将成为国会审议该法案时的又一争论焦点。

除此之外,日本社会还有进一步扩大女性皇位继承权的呼声。日本历史学者米田雄介说,仅设立“女性宫家”并不能从根本上解决皇位继承问题,有必要讨论设立“母系天皇”(即母亲为皇室成员)甚至女天皇的可能性。

现有《皇室典范》仅承认“父系天皇”(即父亲为皇室成员),以日本首相安倍晋三为首的保守派认为这一原则必须得到坚持。

但在日本民间,支持扩大女性皇位继承权的意见占据优势。共同社4月的民调显示,赞成女性担任天皇的民众比例达到86%,而支持设立“女性宫家”的民众比例也超过62%。

分析人士认为,即使将设立“女性宫家”纳入讨论,也还存在她们的配偶是否加入皇室、其子女是否有继承权等技术性难题,因此很难在一两年内得出结论。但安倍政权如果不能提出可行的方案来解决皇位继承的稳定性问题,或将遭到日本各界的质疑和批评。

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