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黄群慧:全面实施制造强国战略的新阶段

2017-05-19 11:03:53   中国经济网

正是基于这样的认识,中国提出了以《中国制造2025》为10年行动纲领的制造强国战略。《中国制造2025》是一个具有全局性、系统性、长期性、国际竞争性的战略规划文本,是着眼于国内国际经济社会发展、产业变革的大趋势制定的一个长期的战略性规划和高端产业、技术进步的路线图。该规划以应对新一轮科技革命和产业变革为重点,以促进制造业创新发展为主题,以提质增效为中心,通过实施制造业创新中心建设、智能制造、工业强基、绿色制造、高端装备创新五大工程,明确未来发展新一代信息技术产业、高档数控机床和机器人、航空航天装备、海洋工程装备及高技术船舶、先进轨道交通装备、节能与新能源汽车、电力装备、农机装备、新材料、生物医药及高性能医疗器械等十大重点领域,从而促进产业转型升级、实现我国从工业大国向工业强国的转变。

 制造强国战略不断深入推进

《中国制造2025》提出了中国实现制造强国战略分“三步走”的战略目标,第一步,力争用十年时间,迈入制造强国行列;第二步,到2035年,我国制造业整体达到世界制造强国阵营中等水平;第三步,到新中国成立一百年时,制造业大国地位更加巩固,综合实力进入世界制造强国前列。作为制造强国战略第一步行动纲领的《中国制造2025》,其全面实施的前提是细化的规划体系和支撑政策。在2015到2017年的两年间,各相关部委分别发布了《中国制造2025》重点领域技术路线图,制造业创新中心建设、工业强基、智能制造、高端装备、绿色制造五大工程的实施指南,发展服务型制造、促进制造业质量品牌提升的两个专项行动指南,医药工业、新材料产业、信息产业的三个产业发展指南以及制造业人才发展规划指南,另外国务院还印发了《关于深化制造业与互联网融合发展的指导意见》、中国人民银行等五部门联合印发《关于金融支持制造强国建设的指导意见》等政策文件。同时,政府聚焦五大工程和重点标志性项目,用试点突破为全面推进奠定基础。比如,国家级动力电池创新中心已经挂牌成立,国家级的增材制造创新中心建设方案已通过论证,各省市建立了19家省级制造业创新中心;开展了226个智能制造的综合标准化试验验证和新模式应用项目,遴选了109个智能制造试点示范项目。迄今为止,规划体系全部发布,顶层设计基本完成,政策体系也日趋完善,试点示范也积累了一定的经验。全面实施《中国制造2025》阶段正在到来。

在制造强国战略的提出和部署阶段,制造强国战略对于制造业发展和我国经济转型升级的重要意义已开始显现。一是制造业发展的整体环境逐步改善。制造业是国民经济主体,是立国之本、兴国之器、强国之基的理念日益普及,形成了重视制造业、振兴制造业、发展制造业的良好的舆论环境;随着供给侧结构性改革的推进,“三去一降一补”政策深入使得制造业转型升级的现实条件逐步改善。二是一些重大的制造业创新成果取得突破。比如,成功研发了我国首款柔性复合工业机器人、并实现了年产50台生产能力,首架国产大飞机C919试飞成功,世界最大单体射电望远镜建成,世界最大基因库投入运营,“神舟十一号”与“天宫二号”完成交会对接,首艘国产航母下水,等等。同时,还启动了航空发动机及燃气轮机、高档数控机床与基础制造装备、无线移动通信、核心元器件、高档芯片和基础软件等一批重大专项。三是极大促进了经济动能转换和经济结构优化。在整体经济趋缓、工业承受下行压力的背景下,2015年和2016年工业三大门类中制造业一直保持较高增速。制造强国战略提出重点发展的制造业领域对经济增长的贡献十分明显。

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