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水电外送消纳矛盾暗涌 西南“弃水”形势严峻

2017-05-15 10:24:48   经济参考报

在四川,省内平均用电负荷仅为全省发电装机的1/3强,尽管去年四川全社会用电量突破2000亿千瓦时,增幅创近三年新高,但也未能扭转“弃水”态势。

第五,中东部地区接纳西南水电意愿有所减弱。国网四川省电力公司发展策划部副主任刘洋告诉记者,四川的第四条特高压直流外送通道在2013年就已经提出,并被纳入“十三五”规划,拟从雅砻江中游送电至某中部省份,但这条线路遭到落点省份反对,导致项目迟迟无法推进。目前,雅砻江中游已有两个水电站开建,但外送通道和消纳市场尚未明确,存在严重脱节。

国网四川省电力公司副总经理陈云辉分析,随着经济环境和供需形势的变化,中东部地区出于增税收、促就业的压力,更倾向利用当地的火电而非接纳外来水电。

清洁能源发展需全国“一盘棋”

业内人士建议,针对多数水电资源远离我国负荷中心的现实,应继续坚持“西电东送”战略,并从政策层面出台实实在在的举措,落实清洁能源配置“全国一盘棋”。

一是协调统筹各地、各类能源建设,并逐步提高非化石能源消费比重。目前,四川、云南两省均已出台措施,严格控制中、小型水电项目。国家电网四川省电力公司总经理石玉东认为,还需警惕一些地区盲目依靠能源投资拉动经济,特别是建设周期短的能源项目,要避免“一哄而上”。

二是尽快打通跨区送电“梗阻”。在跨区送电能力明显不足的情况下,应尽快启动通道建设;应打破省际壁垒,将跨区送电放至更高层面协调;应出台严格措施,确保网、源同步规划建设,并要求新建项目提前落实市场空间,防止新“弃水”现象发生。

三是完善清洁能源发展的体制机制。云南省工信委建议,国家在考核能源消费总量和单位生产总值能耗降低率时实施差异化政策,提高送电和受电省份消纳清洁能源的空间和积极性。四川省能源协会秘书长、四川大学教授马光文建议,应参照光伏、风电模式,将水电纳入可再生能源电力配额和强制消纳保障范围;还要通过构建合理的市场交易方式、价格补偿机制,促进清洁水电在全国范围优化配置。

四是加快发展电能替代。加快电能替代,引导形成新的电力消费增长点,有助于加快富余水电的消纳。陈云辉建议,相关部门应出台政策支持在城市商业体、公共服务设施等领域开展清洁能源替代工程,加快建设智能充换电网络,推广电动汽车、工业电炉、电蓄能调峰工程,并鼓励社会资本参与。

五是建议加大全国层面的统筹平衡,打破壁垒,实现资源优化配置。付晖等人建议,加大统筹平衡,在全国范围内统筹火电和清洁能源建设,坚持开发与市场消纳相结合,统筹水电的开发与外送,打破两网和省间壁垒,在保证电网安全的前提下让西部水电大省在更大的电力市场中参与水火平衡,实现水电资源在更大范围内的优化配置和全国共享。(记者 吉哲鹏 杨迪 潘德鑫 综合报道)

(原标题:西南水电“弃水”逐年扩大愈演愈烈)

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