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为何公交车能超载货车却不行?

2017-05-15 08:15:50   

公交车的座椅数量并不能满足高峰时间乘坐的人数

再看公交车的超载其实指的是乘坐人员超过了车辆座椅设计数量,对于私家车、企业、营运的客车交通法规明确规定乘坐的人数不能超过车辆行驶本登记的座位数,否则就涉嫌违法了。这里考虑的是乘员在行车中的安全,而不涉及车辆的最大承载能力。

对于公共交通的实际情况,并不会限制承载的具体人数,一些运营的路线尤其在早晚高峰时段,别说人会超过座位数,甚至都能被挤成相片的感觉,但即便这样车辆也还远未达到设计承载质量的上限。

早期公交车大都采用货车底盘,挤的越满减震越舒适

还记得上个世纪八九十年代的老黄河底盘通道式公交车吗?在北京长安街这类线路的早晚高峰期一辆车能挤进去差不多300人,即便是这种极限拥挤超载的情况下,车辆的重量载荷按一个人平均75kg来计算,满载也只有20多吨的重量和超载货车比根本不在一个级别,倒是挤满人之后减震的舒适性大大提升了。公交车极限载荷、时间要远低于那些超载的长途货运车辆,机件的疲劳程度也远远不在一个数量级上,行驶的速度公交车大多数都在20-40km/h的范围之内,足够的慢也是安全的重要保障之一。

看上去很挤,但放在上世纪把九十年代这已经算是很宽松了

还有 一些客观的因素就是公交车运行的线路相对固定,司机对路线、路况都更加熟悉,对于很多情况司机都有提前预判的经验,也不存在大货车那样日夜兼程更频繁的疲劳驾驶状况。公交车的检查、维护和保养相比大货车更加到位,几乎没有听说过公交车因为制动失灵导致什么事故,事故率相对超载大货车要低不少,尤其是造成的恶性事故要少很多。

公交车承载人数相对要比大货车多很多,所以对司机的责任也是重大的,玩忽职守很可能造成群死群伤的恶性事故,即便是一脚急刹车也会造成多人受伤,所以公交司机在规范操作和职业素质培训方面也要来得比大货车更系统和规范。但完事都没有绝对,安全时时刻刻都不能松懈。

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