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我国新一代大型两栖攻击舰抢先看

2017-05-04 13:58:06   

基于以上优势,两栖攻击舰可承担的作战任务就更多样化,尤其是垂直攻击和登陆能力比船坞登陆舰有了很大提升。在执行诸如岛礁作战时,两栖攻击舰发挥的作用比船坞登陆舰更大。此外,该型舰还可配合航母编队,在远海作战中发挥重要作用。

作战能力取决于舰载机

排水量虽与“黄蜂”级相近,但作战能力仍有差距

据香港《南华早报》援引澳门军事观察家黄东的分析称,建造中的075型两栖攻击舰,其规模同美国最大的“黄蜂”级两栖攻击舰相当,这将有助于中国海军在直升机的使用方面同美国比肩。

“中国有着那么多大型战舰,包括4艘071型两栖舰船和两艘航母,但它的垂直起降能力依然有限,因为它缺乏最大型的直升机母舰。075型舰船的下水将让中国海军成为美国海军之后的世界第二大海军。”黄东说。

对此,李杰认为,075型两栖攻击舰虽然在吨位上与美国“黄蜂”级两栖攻击舰相当,但是在实际作战能力上还有差距,最主要的体现在美国“黄蜂”级两栖攻击舰搭载有短距/垂直起降固定翼飞机、倾转旋翼机和重型运输直升机。

据了解,美国现有两栖攻击舰搭载的舰载机主要是直升机、AV-8B短距起降飞机和MV-22倾转旋翼机,主要是在两栖作战中为登陆部队提供空中支援和组织“垂直登陆”的投送平台。

美国《国家利益》报道称,与美国同类型的军舰相比,075型不具备支持固定翼飞机起降的能力。原因在于,中国没有类似于AV-8B或F-35B这样的短距起飞/垂直降落战机。不过,2011年有未经证实的报道称,我国已经开始研制这种战机。

李杰指出,075型两栖攻击舰最初设计上主要考虑搭载更多的直升机,并没考虑搭载AV-8B或F-35B这类的短距起飞/垂直降落战机。所以从目前来看,还不可能固定翼飞机起降,但不排除在发展过程中将来会搭载这种飞机。

另据了解,美国正在建造的美国级两栖攻击舰常规模式下将搭载610架F-35B、12架MV-22、4架CH-53K重型运输直机、8架AH-1Z(或4架AH-1Z及3架UH-1Y)以及2架MH-60特战直升机,数量接近40架,如果在制海模式,全部搭载F-35B垂直/短距起降战斗机的话,那么可以搭载25架F-35B,这个数量与一般的中型航空母舰大致相同。

与航母定位不同

建航母同时建两栖攻击舰合情合理

两栖攻击舰由直升机航母发展而来,排水量仅次于超级航母,因此对于未拥有超级航母的国家,或是在没有配置航母的舰队中,两栖攻击舰往往成为舰队旗舰。此前也有媒体报道称,两栖攻击舰可以充当航母。那么,我国第二艘航母已经下水,第三艘航母也在建造之中,为何还要建造两栖攻击舰?

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