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高铁票价最高涨50%:不能打着提高服务水平的幌子要求提价

2017-04-20 09:20:01   

核心问题是,国有干线铁路,如京沪客运专线,在定价时就已考虑到建设、运营、折旧等成本和物价上涨等因素,票价一直没有变动。而混合制铁路可能考虑得不太全面,再加上混合制铁路有资方的压力,因此有调价的想法。

据悉,早在今年2月,铁总就已下发通知,称东南沿海铁路动车组列车票价将依法根据市场供求状况自主确定。

值得一提的是国有铁路的票价并非随便乱涨。因为票价调整牵扯到好几个铁路局,每个铁路局都是单独核算的。所以一旦动了票价,灵活调整,后面就没有办法计算。像西部一些高铁线路,上座率不高,淡季的时候,整个列车有的时候都没有人,可是照样运行。铁路是国家的大动脉,必须严格执行运行计划,不是随便想不开就不开。

这里必须要搞清楚,铁路系统搞混改的目的是什么。

根据国务院审议并原则通过的《中长期铁路网规划》,我国将建成“四纵四横”客运专线网,其中“四纵”包括京沪、京广、京哈(北京- 哈尔滨/ 大连)和沪深客运专线;“四横”包括徐兰、沪昆、青太和沪蓉客运专线。根据高铁建设计划,中国高速铁路网将于2020年全面建成,进入高铁时代。

但长期以来“铁老大”的垄断地位也饱受诟病。十八届三中全会《决定》第一次提出了“积极发展混合所有制经济”,目的就是要引入民资促进生产力发展,打破铁路系统完全垄断的现象,进一步提高铁路在国际市场的综合竞争力。

公开资料显示,2016年,全国铁路行业固定资产投资完成8015亿元,投产新线3281公里,新开工项目46个,新增投资规模5500亿元,到2016年底,全国铁路营业里程达12.4万公里,其中高速铁路2.2万公里以上。

但混改并非就要票价上涨,而且涨价的后遗症也是可以预期的。铁路方面不知道是不是已经淡忘了当年高铁运营让不少航空公司苦不堪言的事了吧?比如,中国最早的航班北京至天津航班,由于地面运输的发展,早就被替代,也不可能再恢复通航。高铁对民航的替代效应是显而易见、立竿见影的。例如,武广高铁(武汉至广州)开通后,海航、深航相继退出广州长沙航线,南航每天提供3个航班,减少了一半以上;海航退出广州武汉航线,其他航空公司的航班也大量减少。京沪高铁开通后,也有多条航线停航。

现在高铁要涨价,后果呢?

短途的高铁或者铁路运输,如果票价尚未超过公路运输,那么问题不大。一旦票价高于公路运输,必然导致大量的客源流失。同理,铁路的长途的运输如果涨价,接近机票价格的话,那么也将导致部分客源的流失。毕竟,很多航空公司的打折机票已经很低,有的时间段的机票甚至低于高铁票。

真若到那时,请问,高铁的意义何在?

王梦恕表示,盈利应该通过提高客流量来增加效益,而不是提高票价。在价格不变的情况下,服务水平的提高才是真的提高。不能打着提高服务水平的幌子要求提价。

(嗨,如果觉得不错,请关注、转发、点赞、打赏,任选。财经杂坛】系今日头条签约作者。

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