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日本广岛原子弹爆炸亲历者:满世界都是行走的鬼

2014-08-15 14:20:24   国际在线

  原子弹爆炸时腾空而起的蘑菇云。

  原标题:日落东京湾·广岛投弹

  侵略带不来繁荣和进步,只能招致灾难甚至毁灭。今天享受着和平的人们不应忘记,并非因为有了原子弹,才有了世界大战,恰相反,是因为世界大战的战火,才促使交战双方不约而同加紧研究原子弹,企图利用这种“决定性武器”打破战场平衡,取得世界的主宰权。原子弹是残酷的,数万吨当量的爆炸,瞬间便夺去上万人的生命,并让更多人、更多家庭在此后几十年里饱尝痛苦,至今疮痍未复。但比原子弹更残酷的是战争本身,正是这场让全世界2/3人口卷入的大战,导致了数千万人的死亡,和十几亿、几十亿人的创伤。

  消失在蘑菇云里的城市

  A 人类第一次使用核武器

  1945年8月2日,美军第2航空队司令部下达作战命令,确定8月6日凌晨由7架B-29飞机对日本实施原子弹轰炸。其中一架为原子弹载机,由大队长蒂贝茨亲自驾驶,他命令2名士兵在机头上写下了他母亲的名字——“伊诺拉·盖伊”。

  8月5日下午,一枚用铀作裂变材料的原子弹“小男孩”已准备就绪。技术人员将一小块铀固定在弹壳内,然后将4吨重的“小男孩”放入机舱内。飞行员们一整夜都没睡。

  1945年8月6日凌晨2点45分,“伊诺拉·盖伊”号的副驾驶开动了发动机,离开马里亚纳群岛。为节省燃料,飞机在5000英尺高的低空向目标飞行。7点30分,飞机开始了耗时45分钟的爬升,最后飞抵了1万米高空。先行派出的气象侦察机报告广岛的天气适宜投弹。于是机长蒂贝茨下令飞机向日本本州岛南端城市广岛飞行。

  这时,除了机长等少数人,许多机组成员并不确定此行目的是什么。而机长则随身携带剧毒的氰化物胶囊,目的是万一被俘也能保住原子弹的秘密。

  这一天广岛异常炎热,早起的人们已经开始忙碌起来。7点20分,城市上空响起了一阵警报,数架美国飞机飞入广岛上空,盘旋一周便匆匆离去了。大约半个小时以后,警报声又响了起来,“伊诺拉·盖伊”号和护航机已接近广岛。广岛市民对于这种习以为常的空袭警报似乎已无动于衷,因此很少有人进入防空洞隐蔽。他们有的在工作,有的在赶路,有的呆在家里,有的还在街上仰视远处的飞机,以为这几架飞机还会像刚才一样,巡视一圈便会离去。

  此时,机长蒂贝茨已对着麦克风郑重地向全体机组人员宣布:“我们准备轰炸广岛,机上录音设备已经打开,这是为历史录音,请注意你们的语言。” 蒂贝茨对着话筒一字一顿地说:“我们即将投掷世界上第一枚原子弹。”

  8点10分,投弹手瞄准了广岛市中心的相生桥。8点15分,随着机长一声令下,炸弹舱门自动打开,原子弹向大地坠落。

  飞机由于重量突然减轻,猛地向上一跃。蒂贝茨驾驶飞机来了一个60度的俯冲和160度的转弯,然后操纵飞机加速航行。一名机组成员开始倒计时,数到本该爆炸的43秒时停了下来,他自言自语地说道:“难道是颗哑弹?”

  就在这一瞬间,一道耀眼的白光照亮了整个飞机。当地时间8点16分,爆炸当量为1.3万吨TNT炸药的铀弹“小男孩”在离相生桥不到200米位置上爆炸。

  强光刺得机组人员睁不开眼,冲击波使B—29的机身如同受到高射炮射击一般剧烈晃动。后来机长蒂贝茨如此形容这一刻:“我们转过身,向广岛望去。这座城市消失在恐怖的巨大蘑菇云里。”

  这是人类第一次使用核武器。投弹手范柯克记得听到有人说战争结束了——“我也这么想。”


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(来源:海南日报)

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