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院士为科研拿自己做实验 身体注入7.1万伏静电

2017-05-05 06:31:46   解放军报

二、地毯中的静电

当人在地毯上行走时与地毯摩擦所带的电荷,当积累到一定程度时可产生2000V的电压,此时若人伸手去拉金属把手,则会产生火花放电,严重时会造成人痉挛。

防止方法:

在地毯中夹杂0.05mm—0.07mm的不锈钢导电纤维以消除静电。

三、汽车上的静电

汽车静电可分为两类:一是汽车自身的静电,(如座套和坐垫的摩擦而带的电)使乘客感到电击或带来一些其它不便;二是油罐车的静电,专门用来装汽油或柴油等液体燃料的卡车。在灌油和运输过程中,燃油与油罐摩擦、撞击所带的电荷若没有及时被导走,积累到一定程度时,则会产生电火花,引起爆炸。

防止方法:

1.纤维物的摩擦是小汽车静电的重要来源,所以在选择汽车座套坐垫脚垫等物品时,建议使用真皮、纯棉制品;注重选择车蜡,根据车的特性选择不同类型的车蜡;或者使用一些防静电的电子设备,使静电及时导出。

2.油罐车静电防止的方法一般为在车底上装带一条拖在地上的铁链,将静电导入大地。

四、飞机上的静电

飞机在飞行时与空气及云层中微小的冰雹晶体摩擦,使飞机带上大量的静电电荷,积累到一定程度就会影响到飞机的无线电通信。如果在着陆的过程中未被导走,当地勤人员接近机身时,人与飞机间则会产生火花放电,严重时能将人击倒。

防止方法:

1.在飞机翼尖与尾部安装放电刷,使飞机产生的静电不断放出,这样飞机就可以安全飞行。

2.机上各连接部位都装有搭铁地线,将各个机件连为一体,可以减少连接点电位差,防止火花放电。

3.使用导电轮胎,飞机在着陆时使静电流入大地。

五、工厂中的静电

印刷厂的车间里面,纸张和纸张的摩擦使其沾在一起;纸张和机器及油墨之间的摩擦,常常使其吸在铅板或印刷机的圆筒上面,严重影响连续印刷。在印染厂里,棉纱、毛线、人造纤维上的静电,会吸引空气中的尘埃,从而使印染质量下降。有些工厂由于原料入料、物料搅拌、成品输送或分装等摩擦产生静电,严重者造成火灾。

防止方法:

1.增加工作地点和居室的空气湿度,以减少静电的产生。

2.在机器设备上增加接地线,及时把静电导入大地。


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