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无人机“黑飞”扰航频发 监管现难点如何破解?

2017-05-03 19:41:32   新华社

然而,很多业内人士认为,从现状来看,监管无人机、保障航空安全却呈现出多重难点。首要难点就是无人机购买销售环节监管缺失,有很多购买者没有无人机飞行经验和资质,甚至有人使用无人机从事非法活动。

目前网络上还出现了提供无人机改装的商家,并可以加装带有一定危险性的设备,如“火箭”发射装置。专家指出,无人机的易获得性,使得扰航事件发生后很难取证、追查到人。

孙家东介绍,长水机场目前发现的5起无人机扰航事件,都没有办法取证并进一步追责处理。

据了解,无人机生产商大疆公司日前发布公告,决定以最高100万元奖励提供近日影响民航航班正常飞行案件线索的人员。

还有业内人士介绍,目前涉及机场净空区管理的主要有空军、民航、公安三个部门。而针对无人机“黑飞”问题,这些部门之间又存在监管责任上的重合和限制,无人机使用者申请飞行程序较为复杂。

记者了解到,以成都为例,申请无人机飞行许可需向空军、民航和公安部门进行申报,申报通过后,无人机起飞前、降落后都需要再次报备。“办理程序比较繁琐,很少有个人提出申请。基本是开展巡线、体育飞行等才申请。”郭适说。

无人机监管尚在摸索中

目前,一些国家已经发布了无人机管理相关规定。在美国,民用无人机市场起步较早,美国联邦航空局早在2015年12月就出台规定,开始对小型无人机实行“实名制”。而在国内,相关部门也开始尝试一些手段对无人机进行监管。

记者发现,目前国内一些机场配备了无人机电子干扰枪,但是还存在许多问题。孙家东介绍,使用电子干扰枪来干扰无人机可能产生次生风险:一是,无人机直接掉下来,砸到人或物;二是,万一被干扰以后失控,无人机乱飞,可能和飞机发生碰撞;三是,后续处置没有明确说法,怎么处理和无人机机主的关系是个难题。

孙家东认为,机场方面除了做好职责范围内的防控工作,仍需依靠政府相关职能部门进一步完善无人机管控相应的法律法规,同时加强对无人机生产、销售、购买、使用等各个环节的管理。

郭适说,当前国内机场普遍缺乏应对无人机干扰的反制手段,而反制系统的生产又缺乏行业准入标准,建议国家尽快建立无人机反制系统标准体系。他还建议,国家应通过专项立法明确各环节主体的民事责任、行政责任和刑事责任。同时,应当进一步明确民航管理局对无人机违法的执法主体地位以及公安执法的依据等内容。

据了解,四川也正在开发一款应用程序,建立快速申请通道,推进体验空域的开放,为无人机合法飞行创造条件。

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