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一滴血可测癌存在误读 专家:夸大其词误导百姓

2017-05-02 05:16:07   

  罗永章也曾辟谣

一滴血可监测肿瘤而非测癌症

事实上,罗永章也曾在一次采访中辟谣过,“一滴血可测癌症”这一说法很不准确,确切的说法应该是“监测肿瘤”。他认为,由于射线剂量大和费用较高等原因,CT等影像学检测方法并不适合经常性地使用,因此,肿瘤标志物对于癌症病人预后和疗效评价具有重要应用价值。

具体的监测方法是,癌症病人在传统方法治疗后再采血检测,通过比较人90α含量的变化,来辅助医生对治疗效果进行评价,并持续地监测。

体检单上“肿瘤标志物”升高

并不意味着一定患癌

另外,苏丹教授认为,“一滴血”的说法也不准确,当下的肿瘤标志物检测,仅一滴血也是不够的。

所谓的“一滴血”查癌症,就是查血中的“肿瘤标志物”。什么是“肿瘤标志物”,简单点说就是由恶性肿瘤细胞异常产生的物质,或是肿瘤刺激人体产生的物质。

像肝癌的肿瘤标志物是AFP、肺癌的是CEA、卵巢癌的是CA125、乳腺癌的是CA153、胰腺癌的是CA199等。这些肿瘤标志物一定程度上可以反映出肿瘤的发生、发展,对监测肿瘤治疗效果和预后有一定的帮助。与其他肿瘤监测手段相比,肿瘤标志物检测更方便、快捷,成本也大大降低。

苏丹教授肯定热休克蛋白90α检测技术进入临床并成功运用,是肿瘤患者一大福音。在前期临床实验中表明其敏感性和特异性优于目前临床上常用的一些肿瘤标志物,其表达量的异常升高能早于临床症状,可提示患者进一步检查确诊。“但不能太绝对依赖这项检测,因为肿瘤标志物存在非特异性,一些正常组织或良性肿瘤以及炎症反应,也可能使肿瘤标记轻度升高,让测试结果出现假阳性。”

目前癌症诊断的金标准

依然是病理学检测依据

苏丹教授表示,癌症的临床诊断,目前不能脱离B超或CT检查、病理等传统诊断,仅靠血液测试来判断是否患癌症太过草率。“当你在体检单上看到肿瘤标志物升高,不必太过惊吓,检测后,如果发现指标高于参考范围,还需要做进一步检查才能确诊。”

还是以肺癌为例,如果肿瘤标志物如热休克蛋白90α、CEA等指标升高,排除良性病变后,医生会建议做胸部CT检测。如果有阳性结节,最后还需要穿刺或活检拿到患者组织或脱落细胞,进行病理诊断才能确诊。

苏丹教授强调,现在全球公认的癌症诊断金标准还是病理学检测依据,无论什么指标,目前都不能代替病理学诊断。作为普通市民,要做的是坚持定期体检,这依然是早期发现肿瘤的最佳办法。尤其是高危人群,更要有针对性地进行肿瘤筛查。

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