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城市墓地暴利乱象:囤墓、炒墓、超标助推墓价飞涨

2017-04-05 21:46:44   新华社

在福建个别地方,墓地价格同样高企。“有几个陵园的墓地价格平均在3万到6万元,较去年涨了一成多。”福州殡葬行业一位人士说,同样规格的一块墓地,福州郊区县城的价格仅为城里的一半,不少人选择到郊区县甚至省内其他地区购买墓地。

囤墓、炒墓、超标助推墓价飞涨

除了土地资源有限等原因,一些人为因素是推升墓地价格的幕后“黑手”。

--囤墓。“墓地经营者有各种抬高墓价的方法,最常见的就是利用审批政策从严的形势,通过‘捂盘惜售’等手段制造墓地的紧俏局面,借机抬高墓地价格。”一位在上海从事殡葬行业的人士说。

一些墓葬经营企业低成本囤有大量墓葬用地,但开发缓慢,边囤边卖。以一处大型经营性公墓为例,其陵园总规划面积700多亩,但七八年时间仅开发了三分之一。而其墓穴均价从2012年的2.84万元涨到2016年的6.03万元,涨幅超过200%。

--超标。根据民政部发布的关于贯彻执行殡葬管理条例中几个具体问题的解释,埋葬骨灰的单人、双人合葬墓占地面积不得超过1平方米。不过,记者采访发现,在一些地方超标墓穴屡见不鲜,价格往往非常高。

在福建莆田宝山陵墓,记者看到多数墓穴面积都在两三平方米左右,其中的一排墓穴甚至有二三十平方米。西安市长安区凤栖山南区近日被曝出共有超标准墓175座,违规售出151座,其中有一个面积约25平方米的超标亭墓售价为90余万元。

——炒墓。业内人士介绍,虽然一些地方已明确购买墓地要实名制,但由于监管不严,一些企业和个人钻政策的空子进行炒墓。

记者在淘宝、赶集网搜索发现,一些卖家转让墓地,价格在上万元至十多万元不等。赶集网上一卖家称“清西陵附近现有三块墓地急需转让,证书齐全,可过户”。记者拨通电话后,卖家说几年前购得三个墓地,投资所用,“当时每个墓地的价格在9000元左右,现在一个卖6万元”。

毛利率高达80%以上 墓地暴利应遏制

记者调查发现,一些经营性陵园拿地成本低,卖地高价格,产生暴利。以福寿园为例,2016年实现营业收入12.68亿元,实现利润4.48亿元,其中墓地服务的毛利率高达81%。三河灵山宝塔陵园的母公司福成股份2016年的财报显示,其殡葬行业毛利润高达84.84%。

记者实地调查热点城市中的十几个经营性陵园发现,销售墓地的利润率普遍都在50%以上,一些卖到几十万元的墓地甚至可以获取七八倍以上的利润。

一些专家认为,作为公共服务设施的公墓建设,在基本属性上应兼具社会公益色彩,而不应完全以赢利为目的。现有的不少经营性公墓以划拨、联营等方式低成本获得土地,其经营中应有一定比重收益回馈社会。

“应增强墓地产品成本、买卖状况的透明性,完善殡葬服务价格监督措施,形成合理、严格的定价机制。”福州大学房地产研究中心主任王阿忠认为。

一些业内人士建议,政府有关部门应在控制墓价上有所作为,对经营性公墓的使用土地、开发情况进行规范,通过加强监管遏制“囤地”“超标”等行业乱象。

复旦大学教授张涛甫建议加大对非法炒墓等乱象的处罚力度,建立监督机制。在多地已实行对墓地“实名制”购买的基础上,要严格执行“凭遗体火化证或死亡证明购买墓穴”的规定,从源头上杜绝炒买炒卖墓地的行为。

一些专家建议,应不断调整公墓建设规划,开建和扩大公益性公墓的规模。同时,加大力度推广生态葬,普及“厚生薄葬”观念,推动殡葬风俗的改革。(记者董建国、周强、方问禹、高博)

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