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反家暴,除了人身保护令还需社会合力

2017-03-04 08:36:36   法制日报

惠济区法院经审理后认为,原告李某要求同被告杜某离婚,被告亦同意离婚,应予以准许。因被告对原告实施家庭暴力、对原告不忠是导致两人离婚的主要原因,原告并不存在过错,被告的行为违反了夫妻应当相互忠诚、互相尊重的义务,给原告带来了精神上的痛苦,且原告向被告提出精神损害赔偿的要求,有事实和法律依据,应予以支持。对于赔偿损害数额的确定,考虑到原告对家庭的贡献,且原告系无过错方及被告的过错行为给原告造成的精神损害程度,酌定为5000元,遂判决准予原告李某与被告杜某离婚,被告杜某于判决生效后十日内支付原告精神损害赔偿金5000元,原告取得两人共同购买房屋使用及居住权,原告获得两人居住房屋五分之三份额且享有对应的拆迁收益,案件受理费由两人平摊。

惠济区法院常务副院长慕宏伟在接受《法制日报》记者采访时说,家庭是社会的细胞,良好的家庭关系对于维护社会和谐关系重大。而作为一种发生在共同生活的家庭成员内部的不良现象,家庭暴力不仅会给受害者本人的肉体和精神造成极大伤害,还会影响下一代的身心健康。

慕宏伟认为,在实践中,许多受害者受传统思想影响、碍于面子或害怕影响子女健康成长等因素,遭受家暴后忍气吞声,不敢或不愿意拿起法律武器来捍卫自身合法权益。而家庭暴力证据收集又存在时效性,如果耽搁时间过长,就可能导致证据的损毁或灭失,不利于事后的权益保护和救济。还有一些当事人在家庭暴力后又和好,这些都对家庭暴力的认定及处理造成了一定障碍。

在谈到精神赔偿事宜时,慕宏伟说,夫妻一方因实施家庭暴力导致离婚的,无过错方有权请求损害赔偿。因此,本案中原告李某享有要求损害赔偿的权利。在审理此类案件时,人民法院应做到“零容忍”,除在离婚分割财产时应当照顾无过错方外,还应依照婚姻法的相关规定,积极支持受害方提出的过错损害赔偿要求,保护无过错方的正当权益。

慕宏伟提醒说,婚姻双方应当互敬互爱,相互体谅,不要因一时冲动而对对方施加人身伤害,同时也提醒家庭暴力的受害者一方,增强权利意识,积极通过报警、诉讼等方式维护自身合法权益,必要时可以向人民法院申请人身安全保护令,人民法院审理后符合条件的将作出人身安全保护裁定对受暴人进行保护,同时也建议社区、街道、村委会等加强工作人员增强相关法律知识的培训,提高监管及处理能力,共同向家庭暴力说“不”。

提升守法意识最重要

河南省高级人民法院民一庭庭长刘天华向《法制日报》记者介绍说,反家暴法实施一年来,全省共作出118条人身安全保护令的裁定。部分法院还结合当地实际,出台了一些指导意见,滑县、荥阳等基层法院还制定了关于家庭暴力证据固定的细则,三门峡两级法院出台了落实人身安全保护令制度,有力地保护了家庭暴力受害人的合法权益。

不过,一些业内人士认为,虽然大多数人身安全保护令对施暴者起到了震慑作用,但有些却效果平平。新乡市牧野区人民法院对一起母子关系案件作出保护令的裁定后,儿子虽然不再对老母亲拳脚相加,却依然冷言恶语。也有一些家庭暴力的受害人,受“家丑不可外扬”的观念制约,不愿诉诸法律,司法力量也就很难介入。

慕宏伟认为,人身安全保护令在实际执行中也面临着举证难等问题,反家暴法需要对执行程序特别是居委会、村委会如何协助执行进行明确规定,以确保人身安全保护令能够执行到位。

“反家暴法的立法目的是为了预防和制止家庭暴力,促进家庭、社会和谐。作出多少个保护令的裁定,并不是重点。重点是通过宣传教育和法律震慑,提高广大公民尊法、守法的意识。”刘天华认为,法律可以制止施暴者,却无法修复破碎的情感,如何从根本上化解家庭矛盾,让亲情关系走向和谐,需要家庭调解、心理疏导等社会组织的介入,所以,根治家庭暴力不能仅仅依靠一部法律,更需要社会各方面形成合力。(本报记者 赵红旗)

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