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中国二维码应用被国外标准垄断 信息安全问题频发

2017-01-12 03:56:05   

张也平表示,为了达到市场垄断目的,QR码采取了所谓的全市场免费开放策略,导致我国二维码应用基本处于失控和无序状态。任何人都可以通过网络下载生成和解析二维码,并通过前台的手机进行实时解码,但没有后台对前台解析的内容进行识别和监控,出了问题往往无法锁定责任主体。“从恶意广告到金融诈骗,甚至包括敏感政治词汇、政治宣传,以及非法集会通知、谣言等,都能通过二维码在计算机网络和移动互联网快速、广泛传播。”

破解困局关键在于推广国标

据悉,目前我国共有5项二维码国家标准,除了日本QR码、美国PDF417码,还有国内企业自主研发的汉信码、网格矩阵码(GM码)、紧密矩阵码(CM码)三项国产标准。由于QR码推广较早,应用范围也最为广泛,但QR码专用识读机具、标签生成设备等核心技术和生产能力都掌握在日本企业手中。

此外,美国PDF417码是20世纪90年代初由美国Symbol公司发明的一种公开的技术标准,在多个国家广泛应用于身份识别、证件管理、物流运输乃至国防等领域,我国飞机登机牌二维码、部分快递单据二维码等都使用的是PDF417码。

“特别是日本企业在我国大力推广QR码标准,已经获得了硬件设备的垄断地位。”工信部中国电子技术标准化研究院技术总监王立建说,只有以自主知识产权二维码核心技术和相应的中国标准为基础的信息系统,才能将信息的“根服务器”建立在中国,从而在保障国家信息安全的同时避免国外标准带来的专利风险。

“实际上我国自主研发的汉信码、GM码、CM码的标准能力、技术水平等都不低于国外标准,完全具备替换QR码和PDF417码的技术标准能力和产业配套能力。”中国二维码产业联盟理事长徐顺成说,国产标准因缺乏政策扶持和驱动而迟迟不能有效使用,这极大制约了我国自主二维码产业的发展。

近几年随着国家物联网、智慧城市等应用系统的建设兴起,国家产业部门开始逐步重视二维码标准的建设工作,但在标准化的落实和应用方面,缺乏政策层面的措施和推动力度,对于目前出现的二维码信息安全问题也缺乏有效的监管指导和协调机制。

“这就需要国家层面加强顶层设计和应用规范,实现二维码技术自主、可控、安全,促进产业健康发展。”张也平说。

原标题:中国二维码应用被国外标准垄断 信息安全问题频发

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