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民办教育培训机构跑路案多发 涉十几亿家长投诉无门

2017-01-10 19:26:04   

“51Talk无忧英语”的主业是一对一线上英语口语教学,2016年6月在美国纽交所上市,上市首日就跌破了发行价。近日,其披露的2016年第三季度财报显示,净亏损为人民币1.235亿元,2015年同期亏损人民币8830万元。从财报可以看出,其亏损主要在于成本大幅上涨。这些成本主要是营销成本、支付大量增加的教师成本和产品研发成本,其中最大的是营销成本。

——与金融机构合作风险升级。为吸引更多学员报读,降低家长一次性预付高额费用的顾虑,很多教育培训机构与金融机构合作推出了分期付款模式。环球美联跑路案件就牵涉众多教育消费金融平台,如“百度有钱花”“51帮学”等。互联网金融企业良莠不齐,本身就自带风险,为了招揽客户,提升业绩,不惜降低门槛,甚至无门槛提供金融服务。他们与教育培训机构的“联姻”,让风险进一步升级。

——预付费经营模式下,学费被挪用引发风险。日前,北京市海淀区法院对事发于2015年底的“朗文启智”案进行了一审。案件涉及100多名学生和200多万元学费。据该案代理律师王晶介绍,与很多培训机构一样,学员须预交一年或最多三年的学费,这是此类案件最大的风险点。“如果正常运营的话不至于亏损,但是,这一类出问题的培训机构都有一个共同特点,就是把学费挪作他用导致资金链断裂。”王晶说。

广东法制盛邦律师事务所律师陈曦说,近来,不少相关案例已构成诈骗。机构把预付费拿去填补名下其他生意的亏空,甚至拿去炒股、炒楼、放高利贷等。还有一类涉嫌非法集资。比如聚智堂案例,其“感恩课程项目”把预付费包装成具有融资功能的理财产品,声称预交越多的费用就可以得到越多的利息,以利息来抵扣学费。一旦挪用的学费投融资失败,家长们就会血本无归。

警惕“打擦边球式”经营,应明确监管责任主体

教育培训机构一旦跑路,受害者往往投诉无门。如2016年5月在湖南发生的“明思教育”跑路案,73名家长的143万元被卷走。家长们找工商部门,得到的答复是这家机构是教育行业,应找教育部门;教育部门说,机构没有办理“办学许可证”,而是在工商部门办的营业执照,属于企业超范围经营,应由工商部门负责;公安部门则表示,诈骗证据不足无法立案,让家长们直接到法院起诉。

中国教育学会教育统计与测量分会理事长、华南师范大学教授张敏强说,教育培训机构既是学校也是企业,这双重身份为“打擦边球”经营提供了便利。目前,对于教育培训机构的监管是多个部门各管一段:工商部门管注册备案,民政部门管法人登记,教育部门监督教育教学活动。不过一旦出了事,则谁也管不着,往往不了了之。所以,应加快明确对教育机构的监管责任主体。

其次,教育培训机构通行的预付学费赢利模式引发业内关注。王晶说,培训机构与消费者签订的合同中涉及的预付学费,在法律层面是合法的,但是风险在于,此类合同大多说明了课时、费用等内容,但却往往并不明确对教学质量的要求以及潜在经营风险。此外,把预付费挪作他用的行为已构成诈骗,要坚决予以追究,在赔偿经济损失的同时,还要承担刑事责任。

王晶还建议,可参照其他行业,在政府相关部门的监督和指导下,建立行业协会和风险保证金制度,提高企业违规成本。培训机构必须把风险保证金存入指定的银行账号,一旦跑路,保证金就可以用于赔付客户损失。

中央财经大学金融法研究所所长黄震等专家表示,监管部门应对预付学费的金额上限和支付周期予以明确规范。教育培训机构的超范围经营行为,如“存钱、增课时费、到期还本金”等经营模式,因涉嫌非法吸收公众存款和诈骗,需要高度警惕。

原标题:民办教育培训机构跑路案多发 涉十几亿家长投诉无门

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