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为何职工还感觉“看病贵”?实际报销比例并不高

2017-01-08 10:35:47   

人均卫生支出翻倍的背后,是医疗费用在增加。2015年,全国医院次均门诊费用233.9元,按当年价格比上年上涨6.3%,按可比价格上涨4.9%;人均住院费用8268.1元,按当年价格比上年上涨5.6%,按可比价格上涨4.1%。日均住院费用861.8元。而在2009年,全国医院门诊和住院病人次均费用分别是152元和5684元。

造成医疗费用上涨的原因是多样的。一方面,随着报销比例的提高,越来越多的患者选择更好的医院和更好的药物,另一方面,老龄化比例的上升,使得心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病患者越来越多,这些疾病的治疗周期更长,花费更多。国家统计局的数据显示,从2010年到2015年,我国年末总人口增加3551万,65岁以上老年人口则增加了2492万。

新的检查手段和手术方式的出现,也提高了医疗支出,例如微创手术取代传统手术,以及CT、核磁等检查更为普及化。

此外,另一种在医疗支出统计数据之外的隐性开支,正在困扰着病患家属。北京的孙先生,去年父亲生病住院。“做手术住院就得有人陪护,护士根本照顾不过来,请护工费用也不少,我们也不放心。”于是,家里四个儿女都请假轮流24小时陪护,陪护期间的吃住费用并不是一笔小数字,因为请假带来的工作收入损失就更多了。

医疗资源不均衡

事实上,在不同地域、层级的医疗机构就诊,患者的报销比例是不同的。以北京市为例,在职职工在三级医院的住院费用,从起付线到3万元以下,报销比例为85%,而二级医院则为87%。而在门诊层面,社区医疗机构能比其他定点医院多报销70%。

“其实就是在引导大家不要扎堆大城市大医院,小病去社区。地方上大病不出县。”有医保相关工作人员表示。但是,这样差异化报销的引导效果依然有限,拥挤的大医院,使得一些经济上有余力的患者,放弃医保报销,选择特需门诊或社会医疗机构。

根据国务院发布的《关于推进分级诊疗制度建设的指导意见》,到2017年试点地区30万以上人口的县至少拥有一所二级甲等综合医院和一所二级甲等中医医院,县域内就诊率提高到90%左右,基本实现大病不出县。同时,远程医疗服务覆盖试点地区50%以上的县。

在2016年的全国“两会”上,卫计委副主任王培安就表示,看病难、看病贵的问题的核心表现为供需矛盾。“医疗资源总量不足、分布不合理、优质资源匮乏。”

根据国家卫计委等五部门联合印发的《关于控制公立医院医疗费用不合理增长的若干意见》,各省(区、市)要根据不同地区医疗费用水平、不同类别医院功能定位、医疗服务需求增长等因素,确定本地区年度医疗费用增长幅度。控费目标实行动态管理,每年调整一次。力争到2017年底,全国医疗费用增长幅度降到10%以下。

人社部社会保险事业管理中心相关负责人也表示,异地结算、城乡居民医保整合、智能监控、大数据利用等列入医保2017年工作重点的项目,均需要社会力量的广泛参与。

原标题:为何职工还感觉“看病贵”? 实际报销比例并不高

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