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让公民自愿捐献器官成为新“潮流”

2016-08-10 13:04:27   四川新闻网

据悉,前日在韩国首尔召开的全球器官捐献大会理事会全票通过欢迎中国进入国际大家庭。自今年1月1日起,我国器官移植停用死囚器官,公民捐献成为唯一合法来源。中国这项改革得到世界卫生组织和全球移植社会的高度赞誉。(10月19日 北京青年报)

据中国卫生部统计,中国每年约有150万的人需要器官移植,但是每年仅1万人能够接受移植手术,美国器官移植的等待者和器官捐献者之间的比例为5:1,英国为3:1,而我国高达150:1,相比之下,我国器官供体移植陷入了十分严重的困境。

“身体发肤,受之父母,不敢毁伤,孝之始也”,传统文化里面的孝道使公民不愿意捐献器官,其次,在中国人民的伦理道德层面上认为“死无全尸”是极其不吉利的,再加上如今中国器官捐献制度并不完善,捐献者根本不知道自己的器官最后落到何处,若被不良分子拿到黑市以高价牟取暴利,无论是对捐献者还是对等待被捐献的人,都是一种痛心的伤害,这些是造成我国器官供体奇缺的主要原因。

1984年10月9日,国家颁布的《关于利用死刑罪犯尸体或尸体器官的暂行规定》明确,无人收殓或家属拒绝收殓的、死刑罪犯自愿将尸体交医疗卫生单位利用的、经家属同意利用的死刑罪犯尸体或尸体器官可供利用,死囚成为中国人体器官移植的主要来源。

然而,死囚器官真菌感染率和细菌感染率高,成为中国器官移植长期存活率低于世界先进水平的主要原因之一,而且死囚器官供体也引发了国际社会以及国内人们对人权的舆论关注,担忧在被囚禁的环境下,死囚很难保证真正自愿选择的自由。对此,2012年,国务院的立法计划中,“鼓励公民实施捐献器官”等已被列入《人体器官移植条例》的修订内容,2015年1月1日起,全面停止使用死囚器官作为移植供体来源,公民逝世后自愿器官捐献将成为器官移植使用的唯一渠道。

我们或许担忧公民自愿捐献成为器官移植唯一合法来源的规定会让器官供体更加艰难,但是截至10月初,公民捐献达2000余例,捐献器官6000余个,再加上亲体捐献移植数已超过8000个,照现今器官捐献的增长趋势,今年捐献数量将在历史上首次突破万例,而往年一般在8000例左右。根据红十字会的民意调查,在公开、透明的,不是跟死囚器官获取搞在一起的前提下,70%的年轻人表示愿意捐献器官。

如何让公民自愿捐献器官成为新“潮流”,笔者认为政府部门应该为捐献者提供各种相关科学信息,加强器官捐献的教育宣传,让公众能够自由的决策。其次,要建立完善器官捐赠体系,让想捐的人“捐献有门”,在器官分配方面,也要制定一套透明、公开的分配制度,便于公众监督,同时应加快相关的法律条规出台,以杜绝地下器官买卖、违法违规为患者实施移植手术等现象的发生。还应该构建一套理性化、科学化、法律化的制度,从物质、精神等各个方面给予器官捐献者各种便利及切实利益,让更多的人能自愿由心地捐献器官。

诚如一首诗所言“有的人死了,他还活着”,若他不能再看这个世界,或许还可以有另外一个他代替他领略世界的美好,或者两个健康的他一起享受着人世间的缤纷。从这个方面来说,我们不得不说器官捐献也是生命的另一种传承,一种美丽的延续。

责任编辑:周晶晶 CN032
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