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祖孙三人食用自制臭豆腐中毒 老人写“死”字

2016-07-27 11:33:31   中国新闻网

王浩春称,入院35天以来,马淑芳、刘改平两人已花费40多万元,每人每天花销在6000元左右,总体治疗周期在两个月以上,“后期离开重症监护室还需要继续治疗,花销确实很大。”

据刘艳军介绍,他们姐弟共6人,妞妞的爸爸刘永峰最小。早年刘永峰和妻子离婚后,妞妞一直由她照顾。今年5月,刘永峰出车祸下肢多处骨折,已将积蓄用尽。目前,刘永峰仍在卧床。“为照顾他,母亲和姐妹几个都轮番在他家伺候。”也是为了省钱,马淑芳才选择自制臭豆腐,当成下饭菜来吃。没想到发生这种事。”

刘艳军说,因治疗费用高昂,一家人现在都只吃些馒头或泡面,“妞妞还在恢复身体,为了省钱不能给她买好的,有些过意不去。”谈及此,刘艳军满面愁容。

更令刘艳军介怀的一幕发生在6月25日。当天,她在重症监护室看护马淑芳。马淑芳浑身插着管子,靠呼吸机维持生命。马淑芳勉强睁开一只眼,意识较前两日清醒,“她示意我拿纸,给她写东西。”

随后,她看到马淑芳用颤抖的手在病历纸上写下“不治”“不在这”“死”等字迹。刘艳军说,“这些字像刀一样扎在我心上。我知道她怕花钱,我们姐妹几个卖血也要把妈妈治好!”

□延伸阅读 肉毒杆菌毒性多少?轻微量即可致病

中国人民解放军307医院中毒救治科副主任医师王浩春表示,肉毒杆菌外毒素是一种嗜神经毒素,是已知外毒素中毒性最强的毒素。人食入这些含毒素的食品后,即可发生中毒。成人致死量为0.01mg。产生该毒素的肉毒杆菌本身无致病力,但在体外适宜条件下能产生强烈的外毒素,从而引起食物中毒。

王浩春说,“摄入毒素后潜伏期一般为12~36小时”,临床表现主要以各种麻痹及胃肠道症状为特征,危害严重,病死率很高。早期为消化道症状、继发眼部症状,其后还会出现吞咽困难、呼吸衰竭甚至循环衰竭。

特效治疗方法是A型肉毒素抗毒血清,但是必须在早期使用效果才明显。脏器衰竭期,主要以脏器支持与替代为主,直到病人的脏器功能恢复为止。

王浩春称,肉毒杆菌外毒素生长和产生外毒素的适宜温度为25~27℃,低于15℃或高于55℃即不繁殖和产生毒素。“自制的臭豆腐温度比较适宜产生A型肉毒素,在缺氧的情况下,细菌大量繁殖,再加上食用前未经足够的热加工,食用后会对身体造成严重伤害。”

为避免食物中毒,王浩春提示,隔夜的食品不要吃,在食用豆制品前应该热加工到位,否则容易引起中毒。另外,这种毒素发病的季节性不太明显,发酵制品引起者多见于晚春和初夏,肉类中毒者多见于夏秋季。任何年龄、性别均可发病,抗体水平低,无免疫性。

发酵食品可否自制?难达到无菌条件

中国农业大学食品学院营养与食品安全系副教授范志红表示,“市民在自制食品时一定要慎重。”蛋白质类食品,尤其是豆制品,臭豆腐、酱豆腐、豆豉、纳豆等食品,不建议市民进行自制。此类食品在企业生产时有严格的生产条件,在家中操作很难达到无菌条件,更不具备相关的卫生条件。豆制品的致病菌可能致命,建议市民不要自制肉类发酵品、鱼类发酵品和豆类发酵品。

范志红指出,蔬菜类的发酵品可以做,但夏季操作要比冬春季污染危险大,“杂菌生长速度太快,要有一定的生产技术,且要严格注意风味和质地,应该是脆的、清香的、酸的,只要有杂味,就应该立即扔掉,以免中毒。”

此外,对于现在比较流行的一些养生食谱,范志红也提示市民,应以谨慎态度面对,以洋葱泡酒这类食品为例,“是否安全要看食品的酒精度,如果在红酒里放少量洋葱则问题不大,如果放入大量洋葱,稀释了酒精浓度,防腐效果就会打折,杂菌也会随之滋生。”酒泡杨梅也是同样的道理。

京华时报记者武红利/实习记者姚锦玥

责任编辑:柯旺 CN044
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