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大学生抑郁症症状分析与预防措施

2016-07-04 09:52:15   

大学生抑郁症症状分析与预防措施

大学生抑郁症是一种常见的心境障碍,可由各种原因引起,以显著而持久的心境低落为主要临床特征,且心境低落与其处境不相称,严重者可出现自杀念头和行为。多数病例有反复发作的倾向,每次发作大多数可以缓解,部分可有残留症状或转为慢性。

高校大学生因学习、生活、就业等压力的增大,失恋、心理失衡等原因,抑郁症的发病率明显上升。

症状:

情绪低落

遇事缺乏信心,无精打采,不论对学习、对生活兴趣索然,常常逃课,不愿与人交流思想。谈及前途时心情暗淡,对生活没有信心,甚至公开流泪。思维抑制,反应迟缓。上课时精力不集中,常常走思。行为被动,自我封闭。凡事缺乏主动性,不愿参加集体活动,个人卫生懒于料理,有沉默和独处倾向。

不合群

对于“三好学生”、“优秀干部”等名誉不主动争取。突发冲动,行为极端。严重溺爱,使孩子失去了自我,逐渐丧失了自己拿主意的机会和能力。这些孩子到了大学以后,一旦遇到挫折就不知所措,在长时间的失望、焦虑中会突然产生怪异的想法及反社会的行为。长时间的严重个性压抑使个性膨胀,最终往往导致悲剧的发生。

要求换环境

可能在学校或单位发生过一些矛盾,或者根本就没什么原因,患者便深感所处环境的重重压力,经常心烦意乱,郁郁寡欢,不能安心学习工作,迫切要求父母为其想办法,调换班级、学校或工作单位。当真的到了一个新的地方,患者的状态并没有随之好转,反而会另有理由和借口,还是认为环境不尽人意,反复要求改变。

预防:

运动

大学生是人体生理活动最为旺盛的时期,不应该一副懒洋洋、无精打采的样子,多参加学校举办的活动,多参加体育运动,既能增强体质又能抒发心中的沉闷和忧郁,能够有效的预防抑郁症的发生.

调整

大学是值得一生来回味的美好光景,大学生要善于捕捉生活和学习中令人快乐的因素,少去体验和强化不愉快的事情,学会自得其乐。大学也是人生的熔炉,是世界观价值观形成的最后阶段,正确地认识自我,克服对自己生理身体、自我社会存在状况的苛求,对名利、地位、处境形成正确认识,不过分注重他人评价。

增强

大学生心理心智已经成熟,能够承担一定的心理压力和挫折。人生不会一帆风顺,也正是经历人生的坎坷,才智得到培养,意志得到锻炼,经验逐步积累。大学生要认真学习,注意修养,增强心理适应能力,使智商和情商同步发展,为独立生活做到知识、能力、心理、伦理道德等方面的准备,逐步成为一个健康的成熟的性情中人。

养成

大学生还应该要养成良好的生活习惯,包括日常作息、三餐饮食,以及社会责任。专家介绍说规律与安定的生活对预防抑郁最需要的。

引导

大学生之所以和患上抑郁症,与目前面临的就业压力、大学环境息息相关。学校、领导、教师有义务有责任来引导大学生心智的健康发展,帮助他们解决所面临的大学生活问题,比如心健康教育课程的讲授、心理干预机制的建立等等,是预防大学生抑郁症重要的措施之一。

责任编辑:周晶晶 CN032
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