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姑娘吃完馄饨莫名昏厥 抽出蓝色血液(图)

2016-06-15 11:42:58   人民政协网

由于担心中毒对身体其他器官带来影响,小美被送入急诊监护病房进一步治疗。幸运的是,小美逐渐清醒过来,而且意识完全恢复。经监测,她的各器官功能没有任何异常。

医生随后询问小美吃过什么东西,小美回忆说,就早餐时点了碗大馄饨,“馅里有肉沫、榨菜、蛋皮等,以前也常吃。”

长期低剂量摄入亚硝酸盐

会引发食管癌等

那会不会是小美吃了馅不新鲜的大馄饨导致亚硝酸盐中毒呢?

蔡华波介绍,在各种加工肉制品中,亚硝酸盐作为发色剂和防腐剂存在,比如我们经常吃的火腿肠、腊肠、熏肉等。亚硝酸盐中毒以误服最为常见,多见于食用了亚硝酸盐超标的腌肉、腌菜、泡菜或变质的蔬菜,少数情况下是误将亚硝酸盐当作食盐做菜。当肠道功能紊乱时,沙门氏菌或大肠杆菌可以将硝酸盐还原为亚硝酸盐而引起中毒。“当然,吃了同一种东西,可能有人会中毒,有人就不会,这跟每个人的体质或者进食量都有关系。另外,每个人对亚硝酸盐的耐受性也不同。”

蔡华波介绍,一般亚硝酸盐所导致的急性中毒症状包括恶心、胸闷、呼吸急促等,亚硝酸盐中毒最具有特征性的表现,就是患者的皮肤、黏膜呈现特殊的褐色、蓝褐色。此外,随着亚硝酸盐摄入量的不同,患者还可能出现胸闷、呼吸急促、呼吸困难等,严重时还可能出现昏迷、休克甚至死亡。如果长期低剂量摄入亚硝酸盐会引发食管癌,孕妇食用还会对胎儿有致畸作用。

●特别提醒

蔬菜最易富集硝酸盐

在自然情况下,蔬菜利用硝态氮合成蛋白质,本身就极容易富集硝酸盐。而且目前使用氮肥越来越泛滥,也增加了硝酸盐的产生。不过蔬菜从采摘到加热煮熟,这过程中,亚硝酸盐的含量呈现波动状况。

当蔬菜刚刚被采收后,亚硝酸盐含量微乎其微。但当室温下放置长时间以后,这种合成蛋白质的代谢逐渐减弱,而蔬菜体内的硝酸还原酶活性增强,导致蔬菜中的硝酸盐还原为亚硝酸盐。在室温下储存,1-3天亚硝酸盐就能达到高峰,如果放在冰箱中,会相对好一点,“亚硝峰”会延迟至3-5天。

不但新鲜的蔬菜需要新鲜吃,连炒好的蔬菜也应该新鲜吃,这是由于细菌中也富含硝酸还原酶。有研究使用20种蔬菜进行当天与隔夜的亚硝酸盐检测,发现总体上隔夜熟蔬菜中的亚硝酸盐含量比当天熟蔬菜中的要高。

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