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专家解密:怀孕为何还来“月经”

2016-06-10 09:26:28   人民日报

受访专家:南京市妇幼保健院中医科主任侯莉莉《生命时报》(2016年04月19日第14版)

处在备孕期的刘女士最近两个月发现自己的例假明显减少,并且只来一两天就结束了。她担心是内分泌出了问题,去医院一查才知道自己怀孕快三个月了。拿到结果,刘女士非常疑惑:“怀孕后不是应该闭经吗,我怎么还会按时来例假呢?”

南京市妇幼保健院中医科主任侯莉莉告诉《生命时报》记者,一般来说,女性一旦怀孕,卵巢就停止排卵,不会再来月经。但偏偏就有少数女性与众不同,在怀孕早期仍有短期少量月经样的阴道流血,称为“激经”。中医归因于血盛气衰,西医则认为可能是受精卵着床的一种生理反应。怀孕前3个月,囊胚尚未占满整个宫腔,在包蜕膜与真蜕膜之间存在有空隙。两膜融合过程中,遇到月经期可能有少量阴道出血。一般说来,“激经”不会超过孕后4个月,对母亲及胎儿无不良影响。

除了有惊无险的“激经”,还有一些孕期阴道出血的情况需要引起准妈妈们的重视。一个是先兆流产,主要症状有阴道不时少量出血,或时来时止,或淋漓不断,色红或淡红,或如黄豆汁,一般无腰痛、腹痛、小腹坠胀等现象,出血时间常从孕后40~50天开始。这是由于胚胎着床早期滋养层细胞分泌的绒毛膜促性激素量不足,致使蜕膜出血,导致流产,需及时保胎。另一个情况是停经后出现不规则阴道出血、色黯红,量少,一般不超过月经量,伴有腹痛等症状,要排除是否是宫外孕。

另外,专家提醒,如果怀孕并发蜕膜息肉、子宫颈糜烂、子宫颈息肉、子宫颈癌等,也可致阴道不规则出血,此时应立即到医院诊治,以免延误病。▲

(钱莹)

责任编辑:李东舰 CN031
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