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浙江社科院教授雷人论文:马云骨髓里有王阳明DNA

2016-04-27 17:26:03   澎湃新闻网

尽管此文立论与人们一般理解中的学术论文有不小的出入,但据此就否定其价值不免武断,一名几百年前的思想家、哲学家、军事家与当代商业大佬究竟有没有可能在学术层面上进行比较并带来启发,还是要看作者在行文过程中能否达到有理有据、逻辑自洽。

在正文第一部分,作者汇集王、马二人共同点如下:祖籍都是浙江绍兴;都属龙;都参加过三次科考/高考;都是30岁开始创业,王30岁开始在阳明洞讲学,马30岁创设海博翻译社;40岁进入黄金时期,王40岁论《大学》宗旨,马40岁创办阿里巴巴、淘宝网、支付宝等品牌;50岁达到人生巅峰,王50岁创立“致良知”学说,马50岁成为亚洲首富;成名之后都选择退而讲学,王以社会化、平民化的讲学授徒为理想归属,马则选择了教育、环境、慈善,并在“1015年3月25日,他回归了自己的老本行教师”(1015年应为2015年)。不过,作者在此处公正地指出,马云办的湖畔大学跟现在那些动辄七八十万的商学院相比虽然算是“良心办学”,但28万的学费还是跟王阳明的平民教育路线“相差十万八千里”。

各方面事实列举详备之后,作者进一步论证了这些或可被视作巧合的“相似”背后的历史必然性:明中叶以后王阳明及其弟子在杭州讲学,奠定了杭州教育的基础,而马云毕业的杭州师范大学,可以追溯到清光绪年间的养正书塾,“也就是说,马云所受的教育,与明清时期的杭州书院教育有着千丝万缕联系”,由此推论,“在马云的骨髓里有王阳明的DNA,马云的成功,从某种意义上说是王阳明基因转换和重组的结果。”诚然,马云所受到的教育,以及杭州乃至中国文科生所受到的教育,未必与王阳明完全无关,但是作者并未提供任何证据说明王阳明对马云个人有普遍意义之上的特殊影响,因此似乎并不能推导出马云的成功与王阳明的影响之间的关联。

在第二部分,“王马”之比较中,作者一开始就接连抛出一连串惊世骇俗的观点:互联网、物联网、大数据、云计算......,是真正把人的“善端”“良知”发掘、呈现出来的科技杠杆。网络“终端”的概念与孟子的“善端”概念或王阳明的“良知”概念可进行互证。互联网电商“随时随地”的特性与王阳明所认同的“随处体认”的宗旨可相互联通。

再一次,作者贴心地体察到了读者难以置信的心情,特意在注释中说明:尽管“终端”是物理概念,“善端”“良知”是伦理概念,但两者在独立性、主体性、本根性这三个层面上,则具有一定的可比性;尽管“随时随地”是一种电商营销模式,“随处体认”是一种道德实践过程,但在以人为主体、以人为对象、以人为终极目标上,两者却具有相似性。然而,对于如此非同寻常、闻所未闻地跨界比较,作者在说明中也只是粗暴地给出结论,“具有一定的可比性”,“具有相似性”,并无论据或论证过程,似乎并不能让人信服。

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