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北京夫妻超生6子4人无户口 官方:需缴70万社抚费

2015-10-08 06:34:03   新京报

通州张家湾镇枣林庄,张伯增一家9口,因其中6个孩子为超生,长期没有户口。目前,还有4人须缴纳70余万元的社会抚养费后,才能补办户口。摄影/新京报记者彭子洋摄

7个孩子的大家庭,至今没有一张全家福。记者拿出相机时,张晓曼收起脸上的表情,眼睛直直盯住镜头。

“为什么不笑呢?”“我笑不出来。”

“怎样才能让你开心?”“有户口。”

没有户口,6个孩子感冒发烧,都只能去附近的诊所看病。稍微严重点,男孩会拿父亲的身份证、女孩拿姐姐的身份证。长期服药的老四,病例本上就是大姐的名字。

日常在家,母亲王茂臣不敢大声呵斥孩子,任由他们偶尔有些小脾气。王茂臣坦承,作为母亲,她没法让孩子顺利接受教育,却让孩子们自己承担了后果,她心里愧疚。

她理解孩子成绩跟不上、在校与同学吵架,却心疼他们过度的懂事。

“户口”是一家人近三十年来生活的主题。

为户口奔走近30年

要为孩子上户口,首先要为超生付出代价。

大集体时期,生产队社员参加生产劳动,每天会得相应报酬的“工分”。早期超生的家庭找到大队,扣除500至1000工分,可为孩子换取户口。

那时的“工分”相当于现在的工资。起初生下老二,张伯增并未认识到户口的必要性,省了“工分”。直到孩子该上学,张伯增急了。

上世纪80年代末、90年代初,计划生育加大力度,张伯增多次来到村大队、派出所,得到的回复均为“超生,没办法。”

难以承担的费用

为了户口的事,老三张泽龙也成了计生委的熟脸儿。常常一到门口,工作人员就知道了来意,回复有消息会通知。

村里不行,张泽龙跑到张家湾镇,镇里不行,他又找到通州区。

2010年,计划生育推广后第六次人口普查。张伯增被村里建议,让孩子回妻子的老家河北开当地出生证明,没准能上户。

王茂臣回到娘家,问过医院,医院回复“哪里出生,就在哪开”。

事情终于还是有了转机。

2010年起,村里对超生孩子上户陆续放宽。只要缴纳完社会抚养费,计生委就给开证明,派出所就可以上户。

2014年5月底,张家的社会抚养费征收通知书被送到了家里。

北京市通州区计生委开具的“社会抚养费征收决定书”显示,根据2012年农村居民年人均纯收入16476元的标准,对张家征收社会抚养费。限于收到决定书之日起三十日内缴纳,逾期未缴纳的,自欠费日起每月加收2‰的滞纳金。

其中,张家二子张泽金需缴纳2000元,三子张泽龙3000元,六妹与七妹应分别缴纳263616元与329520元。

六兄妹共计缴费金额七十万元。

因为经济条件的限制,张伯增为老二、老三缴纳了费用,其余孩子暂时搁浅。今年7月7日,张泽金与张泽龙拿到了户口本。

张泽龙还在继续为弟弟妹妹奔走,“老五还有两年参加高考,时间等不及。”

■ 专家

父母负主要责任 可减少或分期缴费

对于张家的情况,原国家计划生育委员会专家委员梁中堂介绍,法律在落户上并无相关规定,婴儿出生后一个月以内,可由户主、亲属、抚养人或者邻居向婴儿常住地户口登记机关申报出生登记。“但部分地方政府管理中有要求公安户籍管理部门配合,超生需罚款才能上户。”

北京市京润律师事务所韩骁证实了此观点,“北京市在第五次人口普查时表示,超计划生育出生人口在缴纳了一定的超生社会抚养费后,可按正规程序到派出所办理落户手续。”枣林庄村主任刘某和北京市通州区人口和计划生育委员会工作人员同样表示,张家户口没解决,是因为社会抚养费至今未缴清。

对于张家高昂的社会抚养费,韩骁称,除了罚款外,我国在每次人口普查时,会对政策外生育人员的社会抚养费征收作出特殊规定,生活困难的家庭,经当地县级人口和计划生育行政管理部门批准,可以分期缴纳社会抚养费,也就是说,在人口普查时缴费办理户籍登记,将可能比非人口普查时期费用低。

“超生6子的个例很少见,父母负有主要责任。”中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心教授侯东民表示,对于违反计生政策的家庭,收取一定社会抚养金属于合理的经济处罚手段。但对于孩子已出生的既定事实,侯东民建议,相关部门可适当降低罚款,或分期支付,妥善处理孩子户口问题。

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