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大学生干细胞捐献者频失联 多数准备不足临时反悔

2015-09-18 08:53:41   中国新闻网

造血干细胞捐献志愿者在空军总医院住院部进行采集摄影/见习记者张小妹

9月16日,空军总医院住院部,刘女士完成了四个小时的造血干细胞采集,成为本市第225位造血干细胞的捐献者,她的骨髓将有望救助与其配对成功的血液病患者。中华骨髓库北京分库有关负责人向北京青年报记者透露,自第一位志愿者2003年捐献造血干细胞至今,10多年仅有200余位捐献者,平均每年不足20位。这一数字背后,一方面说明造血干细胞成功配对率很低,另一方面还有一个严酷的事实,那就是捐献志愿者“反悔”或者“失联”的情况很严重,致使捐献常常陷入一种“有头无尾”的尴尬境地。

现状调查

名单虽“入库” 捐时却“失联”

中华骨髓库北京分库副主任梁永清接受北青报记者采访时称,在中华骨髓库北京分库现有的近12万造血干细胞捐献志愿者资料库中,45%左右的志愿者都是在上大学期间入库的。从造血干细胞捐献的生理条件看,大学生“适捐”人群占据多数。

海淀区红十字会秘书长刘晓燕接受北青报记者采访时表示:“我们每年都会到高校进行一次采集,有时候高校红十字会也会主动和我们联系,邀请配型成功的捐献者到高校交流。”

以中国政法大学为例,该校红十字会的冼同学说,学校每年在11月左右会举行一次造血干细胞志愿者血样采集活动。仅2014年一年,北京分库就在政法大学采集了118份血样录入北京管理中心的数据库。2007年至2015年7月,仅有7名政法大学学生志愿者成功捐献造血干细胞。

“从医学角度来说,大学生志愿者的身体素质更适宜捐献,匹配成功的志愿者中大学生群体所占人数最多。”梁永清说,“匹配成功的志愿者中,大概30%都是大学生。”

虽然大学生群体是目前骨髓捐献的主要群体,但现在的事实是当真正需要他们进行骨髓匹配的时候,却无法找到这些“入库”的捐献志愿者。这种现象在2003年至2009年入库的大学生志愿者中非常普遍。

谈及原因,梁永清向北青报记者解释说,大学生流动性很大,换手机、换邮箱等都是“失联”的原因。

“想方设法找人就成了北京分库的一项日常工作。”梁永清说,为了找到一个当年上大学期间入库的志愿者,需要发动十多个人一起寻找。

一位参与找人的工作人员介绍,他经历的一次寻人过程发动了十多个人。最后将“失联”的志愿者小张的姓名、毕业院系等信息发布到校学生会微信群中才找到他。该工作人员从小张嘴里得知,他“弃捐”的主要原因是在周围人影响下,对捐献的心理准备不足,所以打了“退堂鼓”。据介绍,这也是大多数大学生捐献志愿者的普遍心态。

现在入库要留微信和QQ

为了减少大学生志愿者群体“失联”现象的发生,北京分库也积极采取了多项措施留住志愿者。

“以前选填的备用联系人,现在都变成了必填。”北青报记者了解到,志愿者在采集血样的时候需要填一张“志愿捐献者登记表”,除了自己的手机号码和联系地址,还需要填两位亲友的联系方式,且两人不能为同一所在地。“就是为了防止后期初配通过后联系不上志愿者。”北京分库的工作人员介绍说。

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