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五旬夫妻儿子救落水儿童牺牲 赴京做试管婴儿求子

2015-09-01 06:48:34   

胡淑敏介绍,试管婴儿技术其实就是体外受精技术的一种。多是因为女方输卵管有问题,或者男方少弱精,医院将采用促排卵治疗等多种科学手段取出多个卵子和精子,在实验室中完成受精过程,再移植到女性的子宫中孕育受精卵,完成怀孕过程。

胡淑敏说,女性超过45岁以后,卵子的质量会骤降,能够正常受精的卵子数量较少,因此做试管婴儿成功的几率较小。同时,即使受孕成功,高龄产妇身体机能的老化,也使得胎儿畸形或流产的比例大幅度升高。在孟现杰夫妇之前,医院也接诊过像他们一样的高龄失独家庭,想再要一个孩子重建家庭,因此想要做试管婴儿。胡淑敏很理解他们这样的愿望,也认为如果有一个孩子,对于修复失独父母的内心创伤有很大的帮助。对于这样的困难家庭,医院有专门的援助项目,可以对他们的医药费进行减免。

政策

失独家庭河南补助680元

2013年,国家卫生计生委、民政部等5部门联合发布《关于进一步做好计划生育特殊困难家庭扶助工作的通知》,自2014年起,将女方年满49周岁的独生子女伤残、死亡家庭夫妻的特别扶助金标准分别提高到:城镇每人每月270元、340元,农村每人每月150元、170元,并建立动态增长机制。

根据该通知,河南省卫生计生委、民政厅等14个部门联合发布通知称,自2014年起,将独生子女三级以上残疾或死亡,女方年满49周岁的夫妻的特别扶助金标准分别提高到每人每月540元、680元,并建立动态增长机制。对独生子女死亡的夫妻,由省辖市、县级人民政府给予救助。未再生育或收养子女的,按照《河南省人口与计划生育条例》等规定,继续给予其独生子女父母(家庭)有关奖励优待。对于符合政策的家庭的养老、医疗等方面,也规定了相应的资金补贴、优先保障等政策。

濮阳市卫生计生委奖扶科的工作人员介绍说,目前,除了每个月680元的补助,濮阳市每年都会另外给予一部分资金补助,但是具体数额不固定。另外,在养老、医疗等方面的帮扶政策也没有出台详细的硬性规定,“但是一定会有相应的扶助政策,会有针对性的照顾。”

专家观点

失独父母可考虑收养孩子

目前,国内对于失独家庭还没有官方的统计数据。浙江大学人口与发展研究所助理研究员周伟和浙江大学公共管理学院教授米红,在2013发表的论文《中国失独家庭规模估计及辅助标准探讨》中估计,截至2010年,全国农村49岁以上的失独父母人数为55.3万人,城镇为26.8万人。论文中预测,到了2030年,该数字会分别增长到85.1万人和57.2万人。之所以特别考察49岁以上的失独父母,是因为49岁以上的女性被公认为基本丧失生育能力。

浙江大学公共管理学院教授米红说,失独家庭问题已经逐渐变成一个值得重视的社会问题。独生子女的夭亡给家庭带来重大冲击。首先,独生子女的夭亡必然带来了父母对孩子培养的流失。一些本来指望着孩子作为养老依靠的父母,将面临较为困难的养老问题。目前,国家正在不断提高对于失独家庭的补助标准。失独家庭的养老问题正在被逐步解决。

其次,在很多的独生子女家庭,父母把许多的精神寄托都放在了孩子身上。孩子夭亡以后,许多父母会觉得精神支柱缺失,生活没有意义。这种心灵上的缺失是政府的经济补助无法弥补的,也是大部分失独家庭面临的最大问题。米红建议,即使失独家庭的父母失去了生育能力,在经济条件允许的前提下,可以收养一个孩子。目前,失独家庭基本都符合我国收养家庭的条件。为了让收养的孩子更好地融入家庭,米红建议收养孩子的年龄不宜过大。

再次,在一些农村地区,确实存在一些文化氛围认为,失独家庭属于异类,会不自觉地回避这样的家庭。这可能会造成一部分失独家庭明显减少自己的社交活动,变得孤僻,拒绝与人交往。这种情况如果持续加重可能会演变为心理疾病。对于这个问题,米红教授表示,虽然这种文化氛围短时间内难以改变,但是通过长期的教育与宣传,失独家庭在社会中一定会得到更多的关怀和理解。

京华时报记者韩林君文并摄

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