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中国乡村教师现状:男生不愿当教师 性别失衡严重

2015-04-08 08:33:09   中国青年报

“上班披星戴月,工作量大,很辛苦,现在的孩子也不好管,稍有不慎,就会招来事端。”说起自己的工作,王黎明有一肚子的委屈。

在王黎明看来,教师地位低也是自己想转行的重要原因。

他说,较之教师,公务员收入并没优势,但公务员”接触面广,能办事”,社会地位明显高于教师。甚至这一现象在青年婚姻大事中都有体现。他举例说,在当地有一对青年谈婚论嫁,但女方家长听说男方在乡村学校当老师后,明确表示反对这门婚事,最后,男方想办法换了工作,才得以喜结良缘。

“很多人是出于无奈,真正喜欢干这一行的并不多。”王黎明说,听说公安招录的消息后,他的很多同事都前去报名了,乡下学校的男教师报名的尤其多。

而在很多基层学校,随着越来越多的男大学生用脚投票,不愿当老师或想尽办法脱离教师队伍。学校教师男女比例严重失衡,逐渐影响教育教学和师资队伍的健康发展。

教师队伍性别失衡问题日渐突出

这些年,李春林最担心的是自己手上的几个“宝贝”哪一天突然离去。

李春林是宁夏海原县树台乡相桐小学校长,这是一所很普通的乡村完全小学,全校有300多名学生,8名老师。

李春林带着几个年轻老师,近些年取得了不错的教学成绩,得到了村民和学区的好评。“教师队伍理顺了、稳定了,劲儿往一处使。”

在乡村学校,要带好教师队伍,说不难,但也不容易。李春林最担心的是自己辛辛苦苦培养起来的教师都离开了学校,另谋出路。除了平时在工作中积极扶、帮、带,李春林想各种办法关心新来的青年教师的生活。

在相桐小学,近3年来分来了4名特岗教师,其中3人是女生。他们只有一名是海原县本地人,其他都是外县人,还有一名女教师来自山西农村。平时这些青年老师都住校,李春林给他们每人安排了一间房,同时,在房子里安装好炉子、拉好网络;一到冬天,还经常检查房屋通风,以防煤气中毒;到了节假日,由于离家远,青年教师没地方可去,李春林就把他们叫到自己的家里。

除了这些,这个校长还要关心青年教师的婚姻大事。今年27岁的王慧来自银川市,还没找到男朋友,让家人很是着急。

李春林也是看在眼里,急在心里。他知道,由于学校地处偏僻的山村,接触面很窄,年轻人找对象很困难。为此,他利用自己的人脉,四处打听适龄男青年,不止一次牵线搭桥,给王慧介绍对象。

“把家安在这里,就把她稳住了。”李春林说,这些年很多新来的青年教师教学很过硬,就是因为生活的困难无法解决,最后选择了离开,“实在可惜”。

和李春林一样,同样为青年教师的生活问题担心的还有西吉县王民学区校长王兆武。

在王民学区,近3年新分来16个特岗青年教师,其中只有1名男生,男女性别严重失衡,影响了女教师的婚姻大事。

“现在学区里有七八个大龄女青年教师,个人问题都还没有着落。”王兆武说,据他观察,现在在农村学校,由于稀缺,男青年教师都成了香饽饽,经常会有好几个女教师追。“找不到对象,没有办法,一些人只有选择了离开。”他说,婚姻问题无疑是影响教师队伍稳定的重要因素。

而在树台学区中心学校,由于女青年教师比例大,扎堆儿结婚、扎堆儿生育,也让校长马学礼很伤脑筋。

“一年有七八个人休产假,课都没人带了。”马学礼没有办法,只能给其他老师加课时,给予一定的超课补助,以此来暂时维持正常教学。

而在学心理学的马学礼看来,基层学校女教师比例远远高过男教师,更重要的是对学生人格培养的影响。

“就像一个家庭一样,孩子需要母爱,也不能缺失父爱,如此,人格的形成才是健康的。”马学礼认为,小学阶段正是人格养成的关键时期,如果只有女教师上课,势必会对孩子的身心健康发育有影响。

(应被采访者要求,文中李晓军、王黎明均系化名)

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